Forest Schools. 289 



from Gennany to take charge of the forest management 

 as well as of the education of foresters, each forstmeister 

 having six pupils assigned to him. This method failing 

 to produce results, the interest in ship timber suggested 

 a course in forestry at the ITaval Academy, which was 

 instituted in 1800. Soon the need of a larger number of 

 educated foresters led to the establishment of several 

 separate forest schools, one at Zarskoye Selo (near St. 

 Petersburg) in 1803, another at Kozlovsk in 1805, and 

 a third at St. Petersburg in 1808. This latter under the 

 name of the Forest Institute absorbed the other two, and 

 from 181 3 has continued to exist through many vicissi- 

 tudes. Now with .15 professors and instructors it pre- 

 pares in a four years' course for the higher positions in 

 the forest service. "The history of this Forest Institute 

 is practically the history of forestry in Eussia." 



A second school at Novo-Alexandria, near "Warsaw, 

 was instituted in I860. In these schools, as in the 

 methods of management, German influence is every- 

 where visible. 



In addition to these schools, chairs of forestry were 

 instituted in the Petrovsk School of Eural Economy 

 in Moskau and in the Eiga Polytechnic Institute, and 

 also in seven intermediate schools of rural economy. 



In 1888 ten secondary schools were established after 

 Austrian pattern for the lower or middle service, rangers 

 and underf oresters ; their number by 1900 being in- 

 creased to 30. These are boarding schools in the woods, 

 where a certain number of the students are taught free 

 of charge, the maximum number of those admitted being 

 10 to 20 at each school. The course is of two years' 

 duration and is mainly directed to practical work and 



