336 India. 



administration under an imperial forest officer, fur- 

 loughed for this purpose, and derive handsome rev- 

 enues; the Kashmir forests of about 2500 square miles 

 yielding round $180,000; those of Mysore, near 2000 

 square miles, over $330,000, this largely derived from 

 sales of sandal wood; those of the Nizam of Hyderabad, 

 with 5200 square miles in reserves and 4400 in pro- 

 tected forests, deriving a revenue of $75,000, seven 

 times what it was ten years before. 



4. Forest Organization and Administraiion. 



The condition of affairs in the forest department can 

 be briefly summarized as follows for the year 1904: 



Total area under government control: 232,700 square 

 miles, namely, Reserved, 91,567; Protected, 9,865; Un- 

 classed, 131,269. 



Officials: Higher grades, 312; Lower grades, 1,663; 

 Guards, 8,533. 



Rounded off Expenditures: $5,370,000; Revenues, 

 $8,720,000; Net Proceeds, $3,320,000 (40% of gross). 



In spite of the many difficulties, a poor market (no 

 market at all for a large number of woods), wild, unsur- 

 veyed, and practically unknown woodlands, requiring 

 unusual and costly methods of organization and pro- 

 tection, the forestry department has succeeded, with- 

 out curtailing the timber output of India, in so regu- 

 lating forest exploitation as to insure not only a per- 

 manence in the output, but also to improve the wood- 

 lands by favoring the valuable species, and thus pre- 

 paring for an increase of output for the future, and at the 

 same time has yielded the Government a steadily grow- 



