Orgcmization. 339 



the entire forest business of the Province, or of a circle 

 forming part of a Province and the administration unit 

 in India. These are, therefore, the most influential 

 and most responsible agents in introducing forestry 

 practices. Conservatorships are divided into divisions, 

 each in charge of a divisional forest officer, a member 

 of either the Imperial or the Provincial Controlling 

 Staff; but these have to acknowledge subordina- 

 tion to the Chief Civil officer, the Collector of the dis- 

 trict in which they are located, in order to harmonize 

 the financial and forestal interests. 



About 80 per cent, of the Controlling Staff in the 

 Imperial Service are appointed by the Secretary of 

 State from graduates from the forest school at Cooper's 

 Hill College, now Oxford, the remaining 20 per cent. 

 from Englishmen in the provincial service, the mem- 

 bers of which have passed through the Dehra Dun for- 

 est school and through the lower branches of the ser- 

 vice. In addition to this Superior Staff, a Subordinate 

 Staff of Extra Deputy Conservators and Extra Assistant 

 Conservators forms the Provincial Service, which is 

 to some extent recruited from the natives. 



The districts are divided into ranges, for which an 

 Executive Service is organized, of rangers (over 400), 

 who are now selected from graduates of the forest 

 school in Dehra Dun. Deputy rangers and foresters, 

 a lower grade (some 1200), and guards, having their 

 separate beats (over 8500), form the Protective 

 Service, mostly recruited from the better class of 

 natives. 



