370 Canada. 



being in nursery, and the distribution having grown 

 to 2,000,000 seedlings per annum. 



Ontario, under the direction of its Department of 

 Agriculture and in co-operation with the Agricultural 

 College at Guelph, has lately embarked in two move- 

 ments of amelioration, namely, establishing a State 

 nursery from which plant material at cost, with advice 

 as to its use, is given to farmers, and purchasing and 

 reforesting waste lands in the agricultural section. 



Tariff legislation is another means which is in the 

 hands of the Dominion government to be used for 

 encouraging forest conservancy. It has, however, so 

 far not been used directly for such purpose, fiscal and 

 commercial policies being uppermost. But by en- 

 couraging manufacture rather than export of raw 

 materials, indirectly the effect must have been in the 

 direction of more economic use of forest resources. 



Meanwhile private limit holders, here and there, had 

 begun to see the need of conservative methods, and by 

 1908, at least two large Paper and Pulp concerns had 

 placed foresters in charge of their logging operations. 



Until 1900, associated effort to advance forestry in 

 Canada had relied on the international American 

 Forestry Association. In that year, largely through 

 the officials of the Dominion Forestry Branch (Mr. E. 

 Stewart), the Canadian Forestry Association was 

 formed. 



This Association has grown more and more vigorous, 

 and having escaped the period of sentimentalism which 

 in the United States retarded the movement so long, 

 could at once accentuate the economic point of view 

 and bring the lumbermen into sympathy with their 



