428 United States. 



bility of timber supplies were right, accentuated by a 

 rapid decline in White Pine production, and a 

 rapid, and, indeed, almost sudden, rise in stumpage 

 prices, the example which the federal government had 

 set in withdrawing public timberlands from spoliation, 

 together with an increasing number, not only of advo- 

 cates of saner methods, but of technically educated 

 men, which came from the schools lately organized — all 

 these influences had worked as a leaven in all parts of 

 the country so as to bring in the new century with a 

 realization of the seriousness of the situation. And, 

 within the first seven years of the century, the change of 

 attitude, at least, was almost completed in all parts of 

 the country, and among all classes, the lumbermen and 

 others depending directly on wood supplies becoming 

 especially prominent in recognizing the need and value 

 of forestry. 



State after State came into line in recognizing that 

 it had a duty to perform, and in some way gave expres- 

 sion to this recognition, so that, by 1908, hardly a State 

 was without at least a germ of a forest policy. 



Two principles had been recognized as correct and 

 were brought into practice, namely, that the forest in- 

 terests of the State called for direct State activity, and 

 that eventually the State must o^a and manage at least 

 portions of the forest area. The first principle took 

 shape in appointing single State foresters, [as in Maine 

 (1891 and 1903) ; in Massachusetts (1904) ; in Con- 

 necticut (1903) ; in Maryland (1905) ; in Vermont 

 (1906) ; in Ehode Island (1906)] ; or Commissions or 

 Boards [as in New York (1885), changed to a single 

 comissioner with Superintendent and State foresters 



