Yarioiis States. 429 



in 1903; in Peimsylvama (1901) ; in New Hampshire 

 (1893) ; Maryland mth a State forester (1905) ; Wis- 

 consin, with a State forester (1905) ; Indiana (1901- 

 03) ; Lonisiana, with a State forester (1904) ; Michi- 

 gaa (1899) ; Minnesota (1899) ; California (revived, 

 with a State forester, in 1905) ; Washington, with a 

 State forester (1905) ; Kentucky (1906) ; in New Jer- 

 sey, with a State forester (1904) ; Alabama (1907).] 



A very important feature in these appointments was 

 the fact, that, more and more professional or technic- 

 ally educated men displaced the merely political ap- 

 pointees, or were at least added to the commissions. 



The idea of State forests found expression, more or 

 less definitely, in setting aside forest reservations or 

 else in enabling the State to accept and administer do- 

 nations of forest lands. Among the States recognizing 

 this principle were New Hampshire, Connecticut, New 

 Jersey, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Indiana, Cali- 

 fornia. 



Where neither of these two principles had as yet 

 found application, at least some agency was established 

 to give advice and investigate or experiment in matters 

 of forest interests, and sometimes to offer assistance to 

 private woodland owners or planters, as in Delaware, 

 Ohio, North Carolina, etc. 



Meanwhile, largely through the influence and with 

 the co-operation of the federal Bureau of Forestry, pri- 

 vate owners had begun, if not to apply, at least to study 

 the possibility of the application of forestry to their 

 holdings. The Bureau prepared "working plans" 

 which were now and then followed in part, or at least 

 led to attempts at a more conservative method of log- 



