64 TRAINING OF HORSES. 
words with an explanatory act—something which will 
call his attention to the connection between the word 
and the act; for instance, in saying “ Whoa!” always 
pull upon the reins or foot-strap. Vever use words, either 
in or out of the barn, except for a purpose. Such words 
as “Stand around!” “Take care!” etc., are proper to be 
used when occasion requires, but you should not say 
“ Whoa!” when you mean “Take care!” in approaching 
the colt, nor “ Whoa, back!” when you mean either one 
or the other. It is well known that it is difficult for a 
person to control himself in this particular. We there- 
fore strongly impress its importance upon those having 
to deal with colts. 
Always use a short joint-bit with long bars on the 
colt, on account of teaching him the right place for the 
tongue, etc. 
Kickers in harness should always be checked 
high. 
The colt should be caught with your hands and held 
at two days old, and tamed before haltering ; haltered. 
and taught to lead at between two or three months of 
age; broke to harness from two to three years of age; 
broke to ride at three years old; and not to be worked. 
until five, nor hard-worked until seven years old. A 
mare may be worked one year younger. 
The whip should be feared rather than felt. When- 
ever used it should be accompanied with the proper 
words, and its meaning understood; use the whip only 
to insure-prompiness—not to teach. 
