144 SHOEING. 
tection and limited pressure upon the frog, the under 
surface being nearly flat; the shoe is secured by four 
nails on either side. This shoe, in some cases, answers 
a very good purpose in protecting tender feet from con- 
cussion. — 
James Turner’s unilateral shoe differs only in its appli- 
cation from the shoe described for healthy feet. It is 
nailed to the foot, free on the inside, having six nails on 
the outside and two on the inside toe, with a level bear- 
ing for the crust and heels. Mr. Friend’s shoe is designed 
for the communication of frog pressure. It differs from 
Mr. Coteman’s by having the frog-bar separated from 
the shoe and suspended by a leathern sole—the object of 
which is also for tender and sore-footed horses. 
Mr, Percival’s sandal, as originally made, consisted of 
a, shoe and several web bandages, with buckles attached, 
by which means it was secured to the foot. For many 
years it was applied in this manner, and supposed to be 
as perfect in itself as man was capable of making it. 
More recently, however, Mr. Percival conceiving an idea 
of its application by means of India-rubber bands, com- 
menced a series of experiments which resulted in the 
adoption of an endless India-rubber band. This was an 
improvement at once simple and much to be desired, 
rendering its application more firm, and less liable to be- 
come deranged. This sandal is not intended for general 
purposes, but only to supply the place of a lost shoe on 
the road, it being readily applied, and affording equal 
protection to the foot. 
Mr. Goodwin, of London, invented a shoe which has 
been much extolled. This shoe is concave on the ground 
surface—supposed to have a greater effect in getting 
a firm foothold—the upper surface being flat, ex- 
cept at the heels, which are slightly beveled outward, 
