él. 
THE PINASTER. 
Pinus pinaster. 
PuatE 6, Fia. 2. 
-~1.2% (MONGST the Conifers in general we 
; ‘; have seen that roots take a hori- 
zontal direction — comparatively 
few of them indeed being furnished 
very prominently with what. are 
called ‘tap-roots ’—or thick root- 
stems, which descend perpendicularly into 
the ground. The Pinaster is an exception ° 
“e to this general mode of growth, for it has 
a tap-root larger than that of any other European 
Conifer, and its mode of root-growth is perpendi- 
cular. Its horizontal roots are, however, on the 
other hand, less vigorous than those of others of 
