23 
on an average weighs from 3 to 8 pounds. Heavier specimens are 
not uncommon. It has 13 or 14 developed rays in the anal fin, 13 
branchiostegals, 23 gill-rakers, and there are about 127 scales in 
the lateral line, the scales being larger than any other of the genera. 
In colour these fish are very silvery, greenish above, with a few 
black spots on the head and fins. These fish run in August and 
September in the rivers on the north-west coast, and in September 
and October in the Fraser. Like the sockeye, they travel in 
compact schools. They do not seek the extreme headwaters, and 
frequent both the streams and lakes to spawn. 
Dog Salmon. 
“(4.) The Dog Salmon (O. keta) run in most of the rivers and 
Coast streams late in the fall. They average from ro to 12 pounds 
in weight; much larger specimens are not unusual in most of our 
waters. They have 14 anal rays, 14 branchiostegals, 24 gill-rakers 
and about 150 scales in lateral line. In Provincial waters they 
spawn close to the sea, ascending almost every one of even the 
minor Coast streams. In the sea they are dark silvery in colour, 
the fins being black. At the spawning period they become dusky, 
with lateral lines of black, with more or less grey and red colouring 
along the sides. The heads of the males undergo the most marked 
distortion, and the teeth in front become large and dog-like, hence 
the popular name. Until within the last four years, these fish 
have not been considered of any value. Now they are captured 
in great numbers by the Japanese, who dry-salt them for export 
to the Orient, many thousands of tons being exported annually. 
They are never canned in the Province. 
The Humpback. 
“(5.) The Humpback Salmon (O. gorbuscha) is the smallest 
of the species found in our waters, averaging from 3 to 6 pounds. 
It has 15 rays in the anal fin, 28 gill-rakers, and 12 branchiostegals. 
The scales are much smaller than in any other salmon, there being 
180 to 240 in the lateral line. In colour it is bluish above and silvery 
below. The back and tail are covered with oblong black spots. In 
the fall the males of this species are so greatly distorted as to give 
them their popular name. These fish run in abundance only every 
other year, coming in with the last of the sockeye run. They are but 
little valued, though a considerable use has sprung up during the last 
few years. With the development of the markets for cheap fishery 
products, a demand has come for all of our salmon products, with 
