132 THE FARM DAIRY. 



ing, whether the shallow-pan, the deep oold sys- 

 tem, or the separator, although the separator 

 will secure a larger increase of butter over the 

 gravity method when we have a hard-skimming 

 milk than when we have a milk that creams 

 readily. The conditions must be the most fa- 

 vorable to secure thorough creaming with the 

 gravity methods, but the separator can be ad- 

 justed to get practically all the^cream from an.y 

 and all milk. 



Care in Skimming. — The skimming of the 

 Cooley and "sihot-gun" deep-setting cans is 

 very different. In the Oooley can the skim-milk 

 is drawn from, the bottom and the cream is not 

 disturbed except as it settles as the milk is 

 drawn out of the can, but with the "shot-gun" 

 can the cream is taken off the top with a conical 

 dipper and great care is necessary to avoid mix- 

 ing the cream and nlilk during the process of 

 skimming. 



Centrifugal Separators. — ^When a centrifugal 

 separator is to be used, I would recommend that 

 some power be used, either water, steam, some 

 animal or gasoline power. Do not calculate on 

 the hired man, the boy or the proprietor doing 

 this work. If you have cows enough so you can 

 afford to havd a separator, you can afford to 

 have somd power to operate it. I have had just 

 enough experience in this line to know that it 

 is hard work. It is the kind of work that does 



