BULLETIN NO. 41 



1. THE PESTS OF SHADE AND ORNAMENTAL TREES. 



BY H. GAKMAN, ENTMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST. 



Trees are subject to many different injuries, from in- 

 sect enemies, from parasitic fungi, from unfavorable con- 

 ditions of surroundings, from severe droughts, sudden 

 lowering of the temperature, etc., and require like other 

 plants some care and attention in order that they may 

 grow well. They need this attention especially when 

 grown about dwellings for shade, since the exposure to 

 weather, and the facility with which their enemies can 

 concentrate on them and spread from tree to tree makes 

 them more liable to injury then when scattered and 

 growing in a state of nature. Often several causes lead- 

 ing to the decline and ultimate destruction of shade trees 

 are at work at one and the same time, and it becomes 

 then a matter of some diflficulty to discover the primary 

 cause, and to check the injury. It may be that the soil 

 was not suited to the needs of the trees planted, and that 

 they exhausted the available supply of nutriment, then 

 suffered from starvation, if I may use the word, in which 

 condition plants are well known to be much more liable 

 to the attacks of fungus and insect enemies than when in 

 perfect health. In such cases, however, the insects are 



