LEAF HOPPERS. 



Ijeaf hoppers are small, oblong insects, tapering backwardly, usually 

 green or yellowish, in color ; sometimes prettily marked, with a slender 

 body and blunt, rounded head. They rarely exceed one-eighth of an 

 inch in lengtli, are usually found on tlie under sides of leaves, and, 

 when adult, hop and fly readily. Shade trees are not usually much 

 attacked by them, but garden plants are frequently infested. Eoses 

 and currants are especially liable to attack, and when the hoppers are 

 at all abundant the leaves become first yellow-dotted and afterward 



Fig. 4. 



The grape-leaf hopper: a, adult with expanded wings; 6, c, same with wings folded as at rest, 



varlaUons; d, larva or nymph ; e, pupa; A an Injured leaf; the cast skins on 



the under side of the leaves. From Marlatt, U. S. Dept. Agl. 



brown and dry. Grape-vines are also very liable to infestation by 

 tliese insects, which cause the early browning and drying up of the 

 leaves long before the fruit is ripe. Quite a number of other garden 

 plants are infested, and of the fruit trees, tire apple is again the one 

 most liable to attack. In general, all leaf hoppers have much the 

 same habits. They appear early in tlie season as small, greenish, 

 wingless creatures, running about on the under sides of the leaves and 

 jumping only when seriously disturbed. About midsummer they be- 

 come winged, and tlien, at the least touch or disturbance, they jump 

 and fl^^ They continue throughout the summer and most of them 

 winter in the adult stage. 



