48 



insect, or will ^vaste at least as mucli material as is actually efEective. 

 ■ Every seedsman nowadays has pumps and atomizers, and most of the 

 reputable dealers can be relied upon to recommend only those that are 

 at least workable. 



When the matter of dealing with large trees comes under consid- 

 eration an altogether different kind of outfit is needed, and it is prac- 

 tically impossible to make recommendations that will serve for all 

 communities. The very fact that almost every maker of pumps has 

 some special outfit meant to deal with such trees makes it difficult to 

 recommend one particular type. In general, any pump or outfit that 

 will be satisfactory in the orchard will be equally satisfactory on shade 

 trees in cities; but, on the whole, shade trees are larger than orchard 

 trees and some machines that serve very satisfactorily in the orchard 

 are either clumsy or otherwise objectionable in city streets. Where 

 only a few trees are to be treated, a good pump working by a vertical 

 lever, giving a pressure of one hundred pounds to the inch, will prove 

 satisfactory. The suction pipe of such a pump may be arranged so as 

 to draw from either a tank or barrel, or so as to be placed into half a 

 dozen barrels in succession, if the spraying wagon will hold that many. 

 There should always be a strainer at the end of the suction hose so as 

 to prevent particles that will not pass through the nozzle from getting 

 into the pump at all. An air chamber of good size is always desirable 

 to maintain an even pressure, even if pumping should stop for a short 

 period, Valves should be metal, or at least of some material that will 

 not require frequent packing. The working parts should be of brass 

 and should be kept as clean and well oiled as possible, to prevent 

 corrosion. Where caustic mixtures are to be used to any considerable 

 extent, the pump should be especially well looked after and should 

 always be washed out after a spraying to prevent wear. When it be- 

 comes necessary to deal with a large number of large trees in a city 

 or town, it will be always necessary to get an outfit especially adapted, 

 and power will be advisable. In such cases each community Will ob- 

 tain ]ust that machine which will answer its own purposes best and 

 no specific recommendations can be made. So many considerations 

 will enter into account that what will answer for one municipality 

 may not be satisfactory for another. 



I have recommended for several of our communities the "Niagara 

 sprayer," power for which is furnished by liquid carbonic acid gas. 

 This require? no special skill to operate, is noiseless, gives an even 



