84 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



Si/mptoms. — While standing still or Avhen walking slowly the ani- 

 mal may aiijXMr to lie normal, hut after nidre acti\e exercise a group 

 of muscles, a leg, or both hind legs, may be handled with difficulty, 

 causing lameness, and later there is practically a local paralysis. 

 These symptoms disappear with rest. In some cases the collateral 

 circulation develops in tune, so that the parts receive sufficient blood 

 and the symptoms disappear. 



INFLAMMATION OF VEINS (PHLEBITIS). 



When bleeding is iDcrformed without proper care or with an un- 

 clean lancet, inflammation of the vein may result, or it may be 

 caused by the animal rubbing the wound against some object. When 

 inflammation follows the operation, the coats of the vein become so 

 much enlarged that the vessel may be felt hard and knotted beneath 

 the skin, and pressure produces pain. A thin, watery discharge, 

 tinged with blood, issues from the wound. When the pin is taken 

 out it is found that the wound has not healed. The blood becomes 

 coagulated in the vessel. In inflammation of the jugular the coagu- 

 lation extends from the wound upward to the first large branch. 

 Abscesses may form along the course of the vein. The inflammation 

 is followed l;>y obliteration of that part in which coagulation exists. 

 This is of small import, as cattle have an accessory jugular vein 

 which gradually enlarges and accommodates itself to the increased 

 quantity of blood it must carry. 



Treatment. — The treatment for inflanmiation of the vein is to clip 

 the hair from along the course of the affected vessel and apply a 

 blister, the cerate of cantharides. Abscesses should be opened as 

 soon as they form, because there is a possibility of the pus getting 

 into the circulation. 



In the operation of bleeding the instruments should be clean and 

 free from rust. If the skin is not sufficiently opened, or when closing 

 the wound the skin is drav\'n out too much, blood may accumulate in 

 the tissue, and if it does it should be removed by pressing absorbent 

 cotton or a sponge on the part. Care should also be used in openino- 

 the vein, so that the instrument may not pass entirely through both 

 sides of the vein and open the artery beneath it. 



DISEASES OF THE HEART, BLOOD VESSELS, AND LYMPHATICS. 



DESCRIPTION OF PLATE. 



Plate VII: 



Diagram illustrating the circulation of the blood. The arrows indicate the 

 direction in which the blood flows. The valves of the heart situated 

 between the right auricle and ventricle, and left auricle and ventricle and 

 between the ventricles and large arteries, are represented by curved lines. 

 These valves are intended to pre^'ent the flow of blood in a direction con- 

 trary to that indicated by the arrows. 



