TUMOKS AFFECTING CATTLE. 311 



bodies projects in great cauliflowerlike tumors with deeply furrowed 

 and lobulated surface, over which a covering of epidermis may or 

 may not be present. These are usually much softer and are well 

 supplied with blood vessels. It is not uncommon for them to be 

 pedunculate or stemmed, and in this case considerable rotary motion 

 or twisting is possible. Their color is cloudy gray or grayish red, 

 with white bands of connective tissue radiating from the center. 

 Their consistence varies. Upon their surfaces and within their clefts 

 and fissures they undergo retrogressive changes, softening, bleeding, 

 or ulcerations. 



A favorite location for the papilloma in cattle is the udder and 

 teats, where they may develop in such numbers as to cover the entire 

 surface and make the animal troublesome to milk. The sides of the 

 head, neck, and shoulders also afford satisfactory conditions for 

 their growth, and are frequently seen to be affected by them. 



Treatment. — Warts may be removed with the scissors, twisted off 

 with the fingers, or ligatured by means of a rubber band or horse- 

 hair. The roots should then be cauterized with tincture of iron, 

 glacial acetic acid, or lunar caustic. Acids should never be used in 

 removing warts about the eyes or in the mouth. Papillomas of the 

 eyelids sometimes change to cancers and should be removed by taking 

 out a wedge-shaped section of the eyelid. Young cattle should be 

 given arsenic internally in the form of Fowler's solution, 1 table- 

 spoonful twice a day for a 6-months-old calf. 



POLYPS. 



Polyps are usually fibromas or myxomas, occurring on the mucous 

 membrane of the nasal passages or genital tract. Thej' grow upon 

 a narrow stem, bleed readily when injured, and often contain a 

 center of thin, limpid fluid. A bloody discharge is sometimes seen 

 coming from the affected nostril, but this is not always easy of 

 detection in cattle, owing to the pliancy of their tongues and to their 

 habit of licking an irritated nostril. Usually these tumors grow 

 downward and may project from the nostril, causing snoring sounds 

 and uneasy breathing. They may occasionally force themselves back- 

 ward into the throat, where they interfere seriously with respiration, 

 the patient being obliged to breathe with an effort, and even forced 

 to cough in order to dislodge temporarily the obstruction from the 

 larynx. Such tumors, when near the nostril, may easily be removed 

 by the use of forceps or a loop made of bailing wire. Serious bleed- 

 ing is not liable to follow their removal, but an astringent wash, such 

 as a solution of the perchlorid of iron, if applied to the cut surface, 

 will be found very beneficial. In case the tumor is not within easy 

 reach, the services of a qualified veterinarian should be obtained' to 

 perform the necessary operation. 



