384 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



ately to mild cases in tlie hope that this will result in an immediate, 

 mild attack and immunity for several years thereafter. Such 

 immuiiitv, hoAvever, is. very uncertain. 



Great Britain, Denmark, Xorway, and Sweden, on account of tlicir 

 comparativelji' isolated positions. ha\e been more successful in keep- 

 ing out the disease. The outbreaks in those countries hin'e been 

 more sporadic, and by resorting to immediate slaughter the authori- 

 ties have been able to stamp them out. Great Britain has applied 

 both quarantine and slaughter for nuiny years, and in an uutlueak 

 near Dublin in 191:i measures were adopted which were even more 

 stringent than any that have been used in the United States. A 

 British official (Cope) asserted in 1800 that after his country's ex- 

 perience with this disease it was ''more dreaded by the farmers and 

 stock raisers of Great Britain than cattle plague or pleuropneumonia, 

 and they are now willing and ready to put up with any restrictions, 

 of however drastic a character, considered necessar}- by the central 

 department to stamp it out."' The British authorities have suc- 

 ceeded in suppressing each outbreak, but reinfection often occurs 

 from the neighboring continent. Great Britain has been reported 

 as free of the disease for a few months up to the time this is written. 

 Sweden is now reported as affected. 



In November, 1906, the disease reached Belgiimi from France, 

 where it was quite prevalent, and by the end of the year every 

 Province in Belgium was affected, and the Xetherlands as well. 

 Efforts to eradicate it from Belgium were unavailing. The Xether- 

 lands apparently succeeded in stamping it "ut for about six months, 

 but it has reappeared there. 



The disease is also more or less prevalent in Austria-Hungary, 

 Spain, and in tlie Balkan countries. 



Australia and Xew Zealand have remained free from it. 



We have less accurate information regarding Asia and Africa, but 

 the disease is known to prevail in Japan and China and in the Philip- 

 pine Islands, and it is doubtful whether any considerable part of the 

 Orient is free from it. 



In South xVmerica it is reported as common in Brazil, Argentina, 

 and Uruguay, and it probably exists in other countries. 



Canada and Mexico are fortunately free from the disease. 



Ou'thrcal'K 'in the ZhtiteJ iSfafca. — Foot-and-mouth disease ha> ap- 

 peared in the Ignited States on six different occasions — IsTO, Issfi. 

 ]R84, 10O2, lOOS. and 1914. 



An extensive outbreak in 1870 was introduced by way of Canada 

 where the infection was l^rought by an iuiportation of cattle from 

 Scotland. It s]iread into the Xew England States and Xew York 

 and a|)peai's to have been arrested within a few months. Its failure 

 to sjiread more extensively and its early disappearance have been 



