32 BIRDS OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE. 



never been found beyoad the limits of the Japanese Empire. Some 

 of these may possibly be found hereafter on the mainland, but when 

 we consider how few of the smaller Japanese Islands have been 

 explored, there can be little doubt that many more peculiar species 

 remain to be discovered. Those already known may be classified as 

 follows : — 



Species peculiar to Yezzo : — Bubo hlakistoni .... 1 



Species common to Yezzo and Southern Japan : — 

 Accentor rubidus, Zosterops japonicus, Fringilla 

 kawarahiba, Emberiza ciopis, Emberiza yessoensis, 

 Emberiza per sonata, Treron sieboldi, Scops semi- 

 torques 8 



Species found in Southern Japan but not in Yezzo : — 

 Lusciniola pryeri, Garrulus japonicus, Gecinus 

 awokera, Picus namiyei, Carpophaga ianthina, 

 Phasianus versicolor, Phasianus soemmeringi, 

 Phasianus scintillans 8 



Species peculiar to Tsu-sima : — Piats richardsi ... 1 



Species peculiar to the Seven Islands : — Merula celce- 



nops 1 



Species peculiar to the Loo-Choo Islands : — Erithacus 

 namiyei, Erithacus komadori, Pericrocotus tegimee, 

 Picus noguchii, Treron permagna, Carpophaga 

 jouyi. Scops elegans. Scops pryeri, Crex sepiaria . 9 



Species found only in the Loo-Choo and Bonin 



Islands : — Hypsipetes squamiceps 1 



Species peculiar to the Bonin Islands : — Geocichla ter- 

 restris, Hapalopteron familiare, Cettia diphone, 

 Chaunoprocttts ferreirostris, Fringilla kittlitzi, 

 Carpophaga versicolor, Nycticorax crassirostris . 7 



Species peculiar to the Japanese Empire . . 36 



The number of peculiar species here, as elsewhere, is in direct 

 proportion to the number of opportunities presented by the con- 

 figuration of the land for geographical isolation. Species may 

 change in ths course of ages by natural selection and many other 

 causes, but they can only be multiplied by Isolation. It is impossible 

 to overestimate the importance of Geographical Isolation in studying 

 tlie Origin of Species. Darwin most justly observes (' Life and 



