TURDlNiE. 47 



6. MERULA NAUMANNI. 

 (RED-TAILED OUZEL.) 



Turdus naumanni, Temminck, Man. d'Orn. i. p. 170 (1820). 



The Red-tailed Ouzel may be recognized by the pale chestnut on 

 the inner webs of its tail-f eathersj on the centres of the feathers of 

 its breast and flanks, and on its axillaries and under tail-coverts. 

 The upper parts are nearly uniform olive-brown. 



Figures : Dresser, Birds of Europe, ii. pi. 6 (male and female) ; 

 Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, pi. 10. 



The Red-tailed Ouzel is a rare winter visitor to Japan. Dr. Hen- 

 derson procured it at Hakodadi in October, 1857 (Cassin, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sc. Philad. 1858, p. 194) ; and in the Pryer collection there is 

 one example obtained by Captain Blakiston at Hakodadi in March, 

 and two examples from Yokohama. It has also occurred on the 

 Loo-Choo Islands (Stejneger, Proc. United States Nat. Mus. 1886, 

 p. 646). 



It breeds in Eastern Siberia, and winters in China as well as in 

 Japan. To Europe it is only an accidental visitor. 



This species is almost as variable in the colour of the upper parts 

 as Merula fuscata, and the distinguished naturalist who presided over 

 the Museum at Warsaw, than whom no ornithologist had more 

 opportunities of judging, was of opinion that they intergrade (Tac- 

 zanowski, Journ. Orn. 1872, p. 437). The amount of rusty red on 

 the upper parts and on the tail varies much ; but the predominant 

 colour of the upper parts is always olive and that of the breast rusty 

 red in Merula naumanni, whilst the upper parts are always more or 

 less russet-brown and the centres of the breast-feathers very dark 

 brown in Merula fuscata. I have seen large series from China and 

 Japan, but have never found them to intergrade, though they often 

 approach each other. 



7. MERULA PALLIDA. 

 (PALE OUZEL.) 



Turdus palUdus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. p. 815 (1788), 



The Pale Ouzel has a large patch of white on the tip of the outer 

 tail-feathers, and pale grey axillaries, a combination found in no other 



