48 PASSERES. 



Japanese Thrush. It has no eye-stripe. The upper parts are very 

 russetj and the breast and flanks are almost grey. 



Figures : Temminck, Planches Coloriees, no. 515 (male) ; Tem- 

 minck and Schlegelj Fauna Japonica, Aves, pi. 26. 



The Pale Ouzel is principally known as a winter visitor to Japan, 

 and is not uncommon in the bamboo-thickets near Yokohama 

 (Blakiston and Pryer, Trans. As. Soc. Japan, 1882, p. 164). It is a 

 rare bird in Yezzo (Whitely, Ibis, 1867, p. 199), and there is no 

 record of its having been found breeding in any of the Japanese 

 islands. There are seven examples in the Pryer collection from 

 Yokohama ; and Mr. Ringer has sent an example to the Norwich 

 Museum obtained at Nagasaki, whence those figured in the ' Fauna 

 Japonica ' as Turdus daulias were probably procured. There is an 

 example in the Pryer collection obtained in the central group of the 

 Loo-Choo Islands during January (Seebohm, Ibis, 1887, p. 174) ; 

 and it has also been obtained in the southern group (Stejneger, Proc. 

 United States Nat. Mus. 1887, p. 405). 



The Pale Ouzel breeds in the valley of the Lower Amoor, and 

 winters in South China and Formosa as well as in Japan. 



8. MERULA CHRYSOLAUS. 

 (BROWN JAPANESE OUZEL.) 

 Turdus chrysolaus, Temminck, Planehea Colorizes, no. 537 (1831). 



The Brown Japanese Ouzel has pale grey axillaries, rusty-red breast 

 and flanks, no eye-stripe, very little white on the outer tail-feathers, 

 and almost uniform brown upper parts, slightly sufi'used with russet. 



Figures : Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves, pi. 28 

 (male and female) . 



The Brown Japanese Ouzel is a resident in all the Japanese islands. 

 It is common in Yezzo, congregating in large flocks in winter (Whitely, 

 Ibis, 1 867, p. 199) . On the main island it breeds on Fuji-yama, 

 and winters in the plains near Yokohama; but many of the young 

 birds migrate in autumn to Formosa and South China, and it has once 

 occurred in the Lower Amoor (Schrenck, Reis. und Forsch. im Amur- 

 Lande, i. p. 352). I have two examples of the young in first 

 plumage obtained by Mr. Jouy on Fuji-yama, and in the Pryer collec- 

 tion there are fourteen adult birds from the Yokohama market 

 (Blakiston and Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 241). I have an example col- 



