108 PASSERES. 



The Grey Starling is a common summer visitor to Yezzo ; but in 

 Southern Japan it is a resident. There are several examples in the 

 Swinhoe collection from Hakodadi (Swinhoe, Ibis, 1874, p. 159), 

 where a single specimen was obtained twenty years previously by the 

 Perry Expedition (Cassin, Exp. Am. Squad. China Seas and Japan, 

 ii. p. 220) . There are four examples in the Pryer collection from 

 Yokohama, and it has been obtained by Mr. Ringer at Nagasaki 

 (Blakiston and Pryer, Trans. As. Soc. Japan, 1883, p. 186). 



It breeds in holes in fir-trees (Blakiston and Pryer, Ibis, 1878, 

 p. 233). Eggs in the Pryer collection resemble rather small and 

 rather dark eggs of the European Starling. 



The range of the European Starling extends from the British 

 Islands across Europe and Siberia as far east as Western Dauria. 

 In Eastern Dauria, the lower valley of the Amoor, and southwards 

 into North China it is replaced by the Grey Starling, which 

 winters in South China, Formosa, and Hainan. There is a smaller 

 resident species in South China, Sturnus sericeus, which is said to 

 have been once procured in Japan, but it is very doubtful that it has 

 occurred there in a wild state (Blakiston and Pryer, Trans. As. Soc. 

 Japan, 1883, p. 146). 



80. STURNIA PYRRHOGENTS. 



(RED-CHEEKED STARLING.) 



Lampratm-nis pyrrliogenys, Tenuninck and ScHegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves, 

 p. 86 (1847). 



The Red-cheeked Starling is a small bird (wing from carpal joint 

 about 4^ inches) with dark-blue bill and feet. 



Figures : Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves, pi. 46, 

 as Lamprotornis pyrrhopogon. 



The Red-cheeked Starling is one of a small section of Japanese 

 birds belonging to different families, and some of them to different 

 orders, but agreeing in the remarkable peculiarity, that whilst they 

 are, so far as is known, absolutely confined to the Japanese Islands 

 during the breeding-season, they migrate southwards in autumn, 

 some to one country and others to another. 



It has been recorded from Eturop, one of the Kurile Islands 

 (Blakiston and Pryer, Trans. As. Soc. Japan, 1883, p. 146); and 

 there are several examples in the Swinhoe collection from Hakodadi 



