112 PASSERES. 



from Yokohama, collected by Mr. Pryer ; and from Nagasaki, col- 

 lected by Mr. Ringer. 



The Kamtschatkan Wagtail breeds in Kamtschatka, the Kurile 

 Islands, and very sparingly in Yezzo. It migrates southward in 

 autumn, and is common in winter at Nagasaki and Yokohama. 



On the continent it appears to have a very restricted range, 

 breeding in the valley of the Lower Amoor and wintering in South 

 China. 



The changes of plumage of the Kamtschatkan Wagtail have given 

 rise to much confusion and to many synonyms, for some of which I 

 am responsible. First, as regards season : in summer the lower 

 throat is black, in winter white. Second, as regards age : adult 

 birds have the secondaries and the greater part of the primaries 

 white ; in immature birds they are brown. The brown quills are 

 not moulted until the second autumn, so that adult birds are always 

 more than a year old. Third, as regards sex : in their first winter 

 plumage the males resemble the females in having grey backs, but 

 differ from them in having some black on the crown. In their first 

 spring plumage the back and rump of both male and female are 

 mottled black and grey, but in the male the black greatly preponde- 

 rates and in the female the grey. In adult winter plumage the back 

 and rump of the male are more black than grey, but those of the 

 female are entirely grey. In adult summer plumage the back and 

 rump of the male are entirely black, but those of the female are grey 

 slightly mottled with black. 



84. MOTACILLA JAPONICA. 



(JAPANESE WAGTAIL.) 



Mutadlla japonica, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soo. 1863, p. 275. 



The Japanese Wagtail never has white on the ear-coverts or 

 between the ear-coverts and the eye, the cheeks being grey in young 

 in first plumage and black ever afterwards. 



Figures : Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves, pi. 25. 



The Japanese Wagtail was supposed to be peculiar to Japan, where 

 it is a resident, both on Yezzo and the more southerly islands ; but 

 it has been found to breed in the upper valley of the Ussuri (Tacza- 

 nowski, Journ. Orn. 1876, p. 194). I have one of the examples 



