120 



PASSEllES. 



FRTNGILLINiE. 



Sexes generally different ; first primary obsolete ; biU thick, 

 conical, and unnotched ; tertials reaching beyond the middle of the 

 wing. 



The Fringillinse number about 500 species, of which 32 hare been 

 recorded from the Japanese Empire. This subfamily is almost 

 cosmopolitan, but in the Australian Region it is only known from 

 the Sandwich Islands. 



92. COCCOTHRAUSTES VULGARIS. 



(COMMON HAWFINCH.) 



Coccothraustes vulgaris, Pallas, Zoogr. Eosso-Asiat. ii. p. 12 (1826). 



The Hawfinch can always be recognized by its very thick bill and 

 the curious shape of some of its innermost primaries, which are 

 notched at the end of the inner webs and expanded at the end of the 

 outer webs. 



Figures : Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves, pi. 51. 



The Common Hawfinch is a resident in Japan. I have an example 

 collected by Mr. Henson near Hakodadi in February, and there are 

 two examples in the Swinhoe collection obtained by Captain Blakiston 

 in the same locality (Swinhoe, Ibis, 1874, p. 160). There are 

 examples in the Paris Museum obtained near Aomori, in the north 

 of Hondo, by I'Abb^ Fauire; and there are five examples in the 

 Pryer collection from the neighbourhood of Yokohama, where it is 

 probably only a winter visitor, as it is said to appear in Central 

 Hondo in considerable numbers in autumn about every third year 

 (Jouy, Proc. United States Nat. Mus. 1883, p. 295) ; Mr. Einger 

 has obtained it at Nagasaki, whence he has sent examples to the 

 Norwich Museum. 



The breeding-range of the Common Hawfinch extends from the 

 British Islands across Europe and Southern Siberia to Japan. 



Eastern examples have been described as distinct, under the name 

 of Coccothraustes japonicus (Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 506), 

 under the impression that the ends of the wing-coverts were paler in 



