FRINGILLIN/E. 131 



European than in Japanese and Chinese examples. There can be 

 no doubt that the two alleged forms are not specifically distinct. 

 The utmost that can be said is that on an average Eastern examples 

 may be a shade darker at the ends of the wing-coverts than Western 

 ones, but the extreme range of variation is so small that it is very 

 doubtful whether it ought to be recognized as a subspecific differ- 

 ence. 



93. COCCOTHRAUSTES PERSONATUS. 



(JAPANESE HAWFINCH.) 



Coccothraustes posonatus, Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves, p. 91 

 (1847). 



The Japanese Hawfinch has quite as thick a bill as the Common 

 Hawfinch, but is easily distinguished from it by its black crown and 

 black tail. 



Figures : Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves, pi. 52. 



The Japanese Hawfinch appears to be a resident in Japan. It is 

 found in Yezzo (Whitely, Ibis, 1867, p. 201), and in the Pryer collec- 

 tion there are three examples from the neighbourhood of Yokohama. 

 It has been obtained on Fuji-yama in June and July (Jouy, Proc. 

 United States Nat. Mus. 1883, p. 295) ; and in the British Museum 

 there are three examples obtained by Mr. Ringer near Nagasaki. 



On the continent this species breeds near the mouth of the Ussuri 

 River in Eastern Siberia, and winters in South China. 



94. LOXIA CURVIROSTRA. 



(COMMON CROSSBILL.) 



Loxia currirostra, Linneus, Syst. Nat. i. p. 299 (1766). 



The Common Crossbill is easily recognized by its crossed man- 

 dibles. It is the type of a group in which the males differ from the 

 females in being suffused with crimson. 



Figures : Dresser, Birds of Europe, iv. pi. 203. 



The Common Crossbill is a resident in the Japanese Islands. 

 Mr. Snow obtained it on the Kurile Islands (Blakiston and Pryer, 

 Trans. As. Soc. Japan, 1882, p. 176). I have two examples collected 

 by Mr. Henson near Hakodadi in June ; and in the Pryer collection 



