scaKsores. 149 



black streaks on the nape are longer than is the case with the typical 

 form. I am unable to detect the slightest difference between Euro- 

 pean and Japanese examples. On the other hand, Siberian examples 

 are sometimes so remarkably grey, and so devoid of streaks on the 

 nape, that it seems quite possible that the Picus canus perpallidus 

 of the same author may be recognized when sufficient material for 

 comparison has been obtained. 



131. PICUS MARTIUS. 



(GREAT BLACK WOODPECKER.) 



Picus martins, Linneus, Syst. Nat. i. p. 173 (1766). 



The Great Black Woodpecker is a large bird (wing from carpal 

 joint about 9 inches) ; and is black all over, with the crown and 

 nape red in the male and the nape only in the female. 



Figures : Dresser, Birds of Europe, v. pi. 274. 



The Great Black Woodpecker is a resident in Yezzo, but does not 

 occur south of the Straits of Tsugaru. It is common in the woods 

 near Hakodadi (Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, p. 335). There are two 

 examples in the Swinhoe collection (Swinhoe, Ibis, 187'5, p. 451), 

 one in the Pryer collection, and I have a fine example collected by 

 Mr. Henson — all of them from Hakodadi. 



It is doubtful whether the Great Black Woodpecker has ever 

 occurred in the British Islands, but its range extends from Scandi- 

 navia across Europe and Southern Siberia to Japan. 



132, PICUS RICHAEDSI. 



(TRISTRAM'S WOODPECKER.) 



Diyocopus richardsi, Tristram, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 386. 



Tristram's Woodpecker is a large bird (wing from carpal joint 

 nearly 10 inches). It is black, with the lower breast and belly, the 

 lower back and rump, under wing-coverts and axillaries, and the base 

 and tips of the primaries white. 



Figures: Tristram, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, pi. 31. 



Tristram's Woodpecker is only known from a single example, 

 which was procured by Captain Richards on the island of Tsusima 



