SCANSORES. 157 



in. 



Ussuri 3"55 



Kuriles 

 Yezzo . . 

 Yokohama 

 Nagasaki . 



3-5 



3-4 



3-45 to 3-2 



3-2 



Loo-Choo Islands . 3-2 to 3-1 



All my Yokohama examples (eight), including a breeding female, 

 agree in colour and markings with the skin from Yezzo, and not 

 with that from Nagasaki. 



There can be little doubt that Temminck's Pigmy Woodpecker is 

 most nearly related to /. pygnueus and its climatic races, which 

 range from the Himalayas across China, Hainan, and Formosa, to 

 Ask old and the valley of the Ussuri. It agrees with them in having 

 black upper tail-coverts and central tail-feathers, but it differs from 

 them in having the white superciliary stripe separated by a brown 

 band from the white sides of the neck, and in having the nape and 

 upper back brown like the crown instead of black. As no species 

 of lyngipicus is known to occur north of the Amoor, /. kisuki must 

 be regarded as a tropical species which long ago emigrated from 

 South China to Japan. 



It almost invariably accompanies flocks of Tits, associating with 

 them in perfect harmony, and uttering its warning cry geed, geed, 

 as it moves from tree to tree (Jouy, Proc. United States Nat. Mus. 

 1883, p. 308). 



139. ITNX TORQUILLA. 



(WRYNECK.) 

 Yunx torquUla, Linneus, Syst. Nat. i. p. 172 (1766). 



The Wryneck is a small bird (wing from carpal joint 3"5 to 3"2 

 inches) . It is barred or spotted all over with dark brown or grey 

 upon a white or buff ground. 



Figures : Dresser, Birds of Europe, v. pi. 289. 



The Wryneck is found in all the Japanese Islands, but is probably 

 only a summer visitor to Yezzo. There are two examples in the 

 Swinhoe collection from Hakodadi (Swinhoe, Ibis, 1874, p. 162), 

 and one in the Pryer collection from Yokohama. Mr. Ringer has 

 sent examples to the Norwich Museum obtained at Nagasaki, where 



