273 IMPENNES. 



The breeding-range of the Grey Fork-tailed Petrel extends east- 

 wards from the Kurile Islands and the Commander Islands, across 

 the Aleutian chain and the islands on the south coast of Alaska, as 

 far east as Sitka. It has occurred as far north as Bering Straits. 



Order IMPENNES. 



The order Impennes contains only one suborder. 



Suborder XXV. IMPENNES. 



The Penguins possess several characters, each of which is diag- 

 nostic; and are the only birds which combine the following 

 characters : — 



Young born helpless, but covered with down ; spinal feather-tract 

 not defined on neck ; palate schizognathous. 



There are about a score species of Penguins, which are principally 

 confined to the Antarctic Region. On the eastern shores of the 

 Pacific they range as far- north as the equator, but on the western 

 shores they do not approach Japan nearer than the southern coasts 

 of Australia. 



Order GALLO-GRALL^. 



Young born covered with down or feathers ; maxillo-palatines not 

 coalesced with each other across the middle line ; angle formed by 

 the lines drawn from the junction of the scapula and coracoid to the 

 other ends of those bones generally less and never much more than 

 a right angle (extreme limit 110°); quill-feathers well differentiated; 

 external nostrils not produced into tubes. 



The order Gallo-Grallse contains seven suborders, six of which are 

 represented in Japan. 



