280 GAVIiE. 



examples have been obtained on the Aleutian Islands (Nelson, Cruise 

 of the 'Corvin/ p. 117), and I have an example in winter plumage 

 from Kamtschatka which was sent to me by Mons. Taczanowski. 

 The Smithsonian Institution at Washington has received it from 

 Cape Lisburde, north of Bering Straits. Nothing further is known 

 of its range. 



Kittlitz^s Guillemot is remarkable for the shortness of its tarsus 

 and the smallness of the exposed portion of its bill. Though the 

 wing measures from 5 to 6 inches from the carpal joint, the tarsus 

 only measures "7, and the bill from the frontal feathers only "4 inch. 

 The winter plumage is grey above and white below and on the 

 innermost scapulars. In summer the upper parts are marbled with 

 buflF, and the underparts with grey. The under wing-coverts are 

 always grey^ and the outer tail-feathers and the tips of the outermost 

 secondaries are always white. 



Genus Featebcula. — The Puffins are a very unfortunate group of 

 birds, for in spite of the fact that they form a compact and well- 

 defined genus, the variable character of their bills has caused them to 

 be split up into numerous pseudogenera, and that to such an extent 

 that in some cases one genus has been provided for the summer 

 plumage and a second for the winter dress. In the genus Fratercula 

 the bill is provided with one or more sheath-like structures of an 

 orange-red colour, which appear in spring and are shed in autumn. 



275. FRATERCULA CORNICULATA. 



(HORN-EYED PUFFIN.) 



Mormon corniculata, Naumann, Isis, 1821, p. 782. 



The Horn-eyed Puffin in breeding-dress is readily diagnosed by the 

 horn-shaped wattles above its eyes, but as these disappear before 

 winter, a more complicated diagnosis is necessary. No other Japanese 

 Puffin combines the characters, bill -9 inch or more high, and breast 

 and belly white. 



Figures : Stejneger, Om. Expl. Comm. Isl. and Kamtschatka, pi. 3 ; 

 Gray, Genera of Birds, iii. pi. 174; Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Water-Birds N. Amer. ii. p. 539 (coloured woodcut of head). 



