limicoljE. 313 



but Dr. Siebold found it very common at Nagasaki (Teraminck 

 and Sclilegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves, p. 106). 



The range of the Common Lapwing extends from the British 

 Islands across Europe and Southern Siberia to Japan. 



313. H^MATOPUS OSCULANS. 



(JAPANESE OYSTERCATCHER.) 



Hamatopus osoulans, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 406. 



The Japanese Oystercatcher is an intermediate form between the 

 European and the Australian Pied Oystercatchers, but it is more 

 nearly allied to the former than to the latter species. The white 

 on the outside web of the primaries appears on the third quill of the 

 European species, not until the sixth quill of the Japanese species, 

 and on none of the quills of the Australian species. 



The occurrence of a Pied Oystercatcher on the Kurile Islands has 

 long been known (Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat. ii. p. 129), and the 

 Japanese Oystercatcher has recently been found to be a resident on 

 the Japanese coasts. I have an example obtained by Mr. Snow on 

 the Kurile Islands, where it is possibly only a summer visitor. It is 

 found on the coasts of Yezzo, but not in great abundance (Blakiston 

 and Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 219) . There are eight examples in the Pryer 

 collection from Yokohama. 



The range of the Japanese Oystercatcher extends northwards to 

 Kamtschatka, westwards to the lower valley of the Amoor, and 

 southwards to the east coast of China. 



314. HiEMATOPUS NIGER. 

 (NORTH-AMERICAN BLACK OYSTERCATCHER.) 



Hcsmatopus niger, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 131 (1826). 



This species o£ Black Oystercatcher is of a uniform blackish-brown 

 colour, with a vermilion-red biU and flesh-coloured legs. 



Figures: Audubon, Om. Biogr. v. pi. 427; Audubon, Birds of 

 America, v. pi. 335. 



