CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XXI.— FuKOTiONB OF the Leaf. 

 Most obvious use— Absorption — Digestion — Exhalation— Eespiration. Dura- 

 tion OF Leaves : Deciduons — Fngaceous — Persistent — Development — De- 

 cay and Fall pp. 54 — 58 



CHAPTER XXII.— Food of Plants. 

 Elementary Constituents — Common Sourcesof Food — Particular Sources of 



Food — Liebig's Classification — Organic Elements ■ 



- Inorganic Elements, 

 pp. 58—60 



CHAPTEP. XXIII.— INFLOEESOENOE. 



Subject defined — Peduncle — Eacbis — Pedicels — Scape — Solitary Inflorescence- 

 Two principal kinds of Inflorescence. Centripetal Forms : Spike — Raceme 

 — Corymb—Panicle — Thyrse — Compound Inflorescence — Ament — Spadix 

 — Umbel. Centrifugal Forms: Cyme — Fascicle — Verticillaster — Bracte- 

 oles pp. 60—64 



CHAPTER XXIV.— Organs of Eepeoduotion. 

 Essential Organs — Stamens— Pistils — Complete Flower — Yariations— Trans- 

 formed Organs— Metamorphoses — Occurrence of the same number — Abortion 

 — Suppression— Coalescence — Adnation — Chorisis — Regular Multiplication- 

 Irregularity of Form. Flower : Dimerous — Trimorons — Tetramerous — Pen- 

 tamerouE — Symmetrical Flower — Regular Flower- Complete Flower— In- 

 fertile Flower — Fertile Flower— Flowers Polygamous pp. 64—67 



CHAPTER XXY.— Floral Envelopes. 

 Prefloration — Imbricated — Vexillary — Convolute — Supervolute — Valvular — 

 Poppy. Calyx : Elementary Composition — Monosepalous — Position in re- 

 gard to the Ovary: Inferior — Superior — Bracteoles — Glumes — Valve. Pap- 

 pus: Pilose — Piumose-Setose-Paleaceous— Involucre — Spathe — Involucel. 

 Corolla : Elementary Composition — Monopetalous — Polypetalous. Parts 

 of Monapetaloos Corolla : Tube — Throat — Limb. Monapetalous Forms : 

 Sal ver-forra — Rotate — Campanulate — Funnel-form — Tubular. Lauiate 

 Forms: Personate — Ringent — Parts of Petal — Lamina — Claw. Polypeta- 

 lous Forms : Caryophyilaceous — Rosaceous — Papilionaceous — Liliaceous — 

 Regular— Irregular— Defective — Nectary. Florets : Discoid — Radiant — 

 Radiate— Color of Flowers- Changes ofColor — Odor. Duration of Floral 

 Envelopes; Caducous — Deciduous — Persistent — Functions of Floral Enve- 

 lopes pp. 67—75 



CHAPTER XXVL— The Stamens. 

 Essential Organs — Parts of Stamen — Elementary Composition — Stamen a 

 Transformed Leaf— Filament. Anther ; Mode of Attachment — Innate — 

 Adnate — Versatile— Dehiscence — Connectile. Pollen : Its Coverings — Ex- 

 tine — Intine— Fovilla — Andrcecium — Number of Stamens— Comparative Size 

 -Other Peculiarities pp. 75—77 



CHAPTER XXVII.— The Pistil. 

 The Subject defined — Pistil — Ovary — Style — Stigma — Elementary Composition 

 — Gyn<ecinm — Functions pp. 78^80 



CHAPTER XXVIII.— The Ovaey. 

 Subject defined— Carpels— Dissepimenta—Cells—Eelations of Number in the 

 Normal Structure— Origin of the Carpels. Sutures: Ventral— Dorsal-Pla- 

 centa. Plaoentation : Axillary— Parietal— Free Central— False Dissepi- 

 ments pp. 80, 81 



CHAPTER XXIX— The Fruit. 

 Subject defined— Pericarp— Epicarp—Endncarp—Sarcocarp—Putamen. De- 

 hiscence: Septioidal— Loculicidal—Septifragal—Sutnral— Transverse— Other 

 Varieties— FruitForms-SimpleFruits-Oapsule-Silique-Silicle— Legume 

 —Follicle— Berry- Pepo — Pome — Drupe- Achenium — Caryopsis— Nut— 

 Samara— Pyxis. Multiple Fruits: Fig— Cone — Pine-Apple — Double 

 Fruits pp. 81-85 



CHAPTER XXX.— The Seed. 

 Elementary Composition— Structure— Integuments— Episperm— Endosperm— 

 Nucleus— Mycropyle—roramen—Chalaza— Funiculus- Albumen — Embryo 

 —Aril— Germination— Dissemination of Seeds— Longevity. pp. 85—89 



CHAPTER XXXI.— Sensibility of Plants. 

 Motions Caused by Light— Papilionaceous Flowers — ^Motions Caused by Touch 

 — Spontaneous Movements — Movements of Spores — Effect of Poisons. 



pp. 89, 90 



CHAPTER XXXIL— Geographical Distribution of Plants. 

 Origin— General Laws of Distribution— Arctic Flora— Region of LlnniBUS— 

 Zone of Evergreen "Woods— Japanese Region— Oriental Tropical Zone— Ee- 

 pion of Mjfrtle and Acacia- Region of Fig- Marigolds — De Lisle's Region — 

 Eeglon o£ Asters and Golden-rods— Eegion of Magnolias— Region of Cacti 

 and Peppers— Region of Arborescent Compositje — Antarctic Eegion— Par- 

 tial Distribution PP- 91-94 



CHAPTER XXXIII.— Economical Uses of Plants. 



Uses of the Root : Nutritive Properties— Substitutes for Bread— Potato- 

 Sweet Potato— Tam—Manioc— Taro— Tapioca— Arrow-root— Esculent Boots 

 —Aromatic Roots— Cordage from Roots — Madder — Alkanet — Turmeric. 

 Uses of the Stfjii: Ornamental Woods— Bamboo— Cedar— Charcoal and 

 Potashes— Dye Woods— Ferula— Sola— Sago. Barks: Astringent— Cinna- 

 mon— Gall-nuts. Bass-Fibee: Silk-weed— Indian Hemp— Lace Tree — Pa- 

 per Mulberry— New Zealand Flax— Nettle-worts— Manilla. Uses of the 

 Leaf : Thatching-Manufactures— Papaw— Tea— Paraguay Tea— Henna- 

 Indigo. Uses of the Flower: Safflower— Saffron — Capers— Cloves— Per- 

 fumes-Essences — Conserves. Uses of the Fruit ; Edible Fruits — Coflee 

 —Olive— Cocoa — Sapindus. Fruits used as Bread : Coeoanut— Plantain — 

 Banana— Bread-fruit— Date— Fig— Tamarind— Vanilla. Uses of the Seed : 

 Leguminous Seeds— Oleaginons Seeds— Nutmeg. Uses of the whole 

 Plant : Grasses — Iceland Moss — Carragheen Moss — Archil — Cudbear. Se- 

 cretions OF Plants and their Uses: Gums — Resins — Balsams — India- 

 rubber— Gutta-percha — Dragon's-blood — Wax — Poisonous Secretions — Ouw- 

 tree-^ugar-cane— Sugar Maple— Arnotto — Varnishes— ludigo— Dyers' Weed 

 -Great and Universal Uses of Plants— Concluding Eemarks. pp. 94—100 



PLATES 



Page 



I.— THE CELLS 5 



IL— CONTENTS OF THE CELLS— EPIDEEMI3 12 



IIL— PEOGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT 15 



IV.— GRAND DIVISIONS 19 



v.— THE COTYLEDONS— GERMINATION 21 



VL— ROOT FORMS 23 



VIL— ROOTS AND STEMS 26 



VIII.— WOOD. 29 



IX— STEM FOEMS 82 



X.— STEM AND LEAP 85 



XI.— ARRANGEMENT AND VENATION 88 



XIL— LEAF FOEMS 41 



XIIL— LEAF FOEMS 44 



XIV.— COMPOUND LEAVES 47 



XV.— LEAF MARGIN 60 



XVI.— SUMMIT OF THE LEAl' 68 



XVII.— THE PETIOLE 56 



XVIIL— STIPULES 89 



XIX.— BRACTS 62 



XX.-INFLORESCENCE 64 



XXI.— INFLORESCENCE 66 



XXII.— PEEFLOEATION— THE CALYX 68 



XXIII.— THE COEOLLA 70 



XXIV.— COEOLLA 72 



XXV.— STAMENS AND PISTILS 74 



XXVL— PLACENTATION— DEHISCENCE 76 



XXVII.— FRUIT FORMS 82 



XXVIII.— FRUIT AND SEED 86 



XXIX.— EEMAEKABLE PLANTS 98 



