OEDEE LX. CAPHIFOLIACEJi;. — OEDBK LXII. VALEEIANACE^. 



116 



celled, rarely u 4 — 5-eelled pod, eacli cell with two or more 

 ovules. Orders LXXIV.— LXXVIU. inclusive. 



Group 6. — ^Leaves simple. Corolla usually more or less ir- 

 regular. Ovary 4-lobed ; or at least in fruit separable into 2 — i 

 achenia; rarely a single achenium. Orders LXXIX. — LXXXI. 

 inclusive. 



Group 1. — Corolla nearly or quite regular. Stamens 4 — 12. 

 Ovary single, 1— 6-oeUed. Orders LXXXIL— LXXXVII. in- 

 clusive. 



Group 8. — Corolla S-parted. Ovary double, generally form- 

 ing in fruit a pair of follicles. Juice usually milky. Orders 

 LXXXVIII. and LXXXIX. 



Group 9. — Shrubs, or trees. Stamens 2. Orders XC. and 

 XCI. 



GROUP I. 



Order LX. — Caprifoliacese. 



Shrubs, often climbing; rarely herbs. Leaves opposite. 

 Stipules none. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary; limb 4 — 5 

 cleft. Corolla regular, or irregular; limb 4 — 5-lobed. Stamens 

 4 — 5, alternate with the corolla-segments when equaUing them 

 in number. Ovary 3 — 5-eelIed. Style 1. Fruit usually a berry, 

 or drupe, sometimes dry, always crowned with the persistent 

 calyx-teeth. Seeds pendulous. 



An order comprising m.any ornamental plants, chiefly natives of the tem- 

 perate zones. Sambucna {Eider)^ Viburnum and Lonicera, one species of 

 which, L, OaprifoUum^ is seen in fig. 14, are examples. 



Fig. 14. 



Order LXI. — BubiaceBe. 



Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves opposite, sometimes verticil- 

 late, entire. Stipules present, interpetiolar (292 at 3), sometimes 

 taking the size and appeai'ance of leaves. Calyx-tube more or 

 less adherent to the ovary. Limb 3 — 5-eleft, sometimes obsolete. 

 CoroUa regular, 3 — 5-lobed. Stamens equalling the number of 

 the coroUa-lobes, alternate with them, inserted in the tube. 

 Ovary 2 — 5-celled. Style entire, or partially divided. Fruit of 

 various forms. 



A large order containing 2 suborders represented in our district, StellatsB 

 and CincbonlB. Of Stellatse we have an example in Galium triflorum, repre- 

 sented by flg. 15, and of Cincbonse in Hedyotis cterulea, fig. 16. This order 

 yields many products of importance, both in Medicine and the Arts. Madder, 



the most valuable of vegetable red dyes, is foand in the roots of Eubia tinctoria. 

 Peruvian Bark is the product of several species of Cinchona, native of South 



Fig. 15. 



America ; and the genuine Ipecac is extracted from the roots of Cephaelis Ipeca- 

 cuanha, of Brazil. Coffee is the hard albumen of the seeds of Cofiea Arabica, 

 a small evergreen tree, native of Arabia. 



Fig, 16. 



Order LXII. — ^Valerianaceee. 



Herbs. Leaves opposite. Stipules none. Calyx-tube ad- 

 herent to the ovary ; limb 2 — 4-toothed, or obsolete, or reduced 

 to a kind of pappus. Corolla tubular, or funnel-form, 4 — 5-lobed, 

 sometimes with a spur at base. Stamens distinct, inserted on 

 the coroUa, usually fewer than its lobes. Ovary containing a 

 single ovule, with 1 cell perfect, and 2 abortive ones. Seeds pen- 

 dulous in the indehisoent pericarp. 



A small order of mostly unimportant plants. Valeriana ( VaZerian), from 

 one species of which the Valerian of the shops is extracted, and Fodia (Xam6 

 Letihic^^ are examples. 



