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OKDEE XO. JASMINAOEiE. OEDEE XCVI. NYCTAGINACEiE. 



GROUP IX. 



Oeder XC. — Jasminaceaa. 



Shrubs, often ■with twining stems. Leaves opposite or alter- 

 nate, often compound. Flowers corymbose, 'white or yelloTv, 

 usually fragrant. Calyx 5 — 10-cleft, persistent. Corolla regular, 

 hypocrateriform ; limb with 5 — 10 divisions, imbricate, and 

 twisted in prefloration. Stamens 2, inserted on the corolla, and 

 inclosed within its tube. Ovary free, 2-celled, each cell with 1 

 ovule. Style 1. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a double berry, or a 

 capsule separating into 2 portions. Seeds 2. 



A small order chiefly of tropical or Indiau shrubs. Jasminum (the Jessa- 

 mine), is very commonly cultivated. 



Order XOI. — Oleacese 



Trees, or shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple or pinnate. Flowers 

 perfect, or polygamous. Sepals united at base, persistent, some- 

 times none. Petals 4, united below, sometimes distinct, valvate 

 in prefloration, sometimes none. Stamens 2. Anthers 2-oelled. 

 Ovary free, 2-celled. Ovules pendulous. Style 1. Stigma 1, or 

 bifid. Fruit drupaceous, baccate, or a samara, usually 1-celled, 

 1 — 2-seeded, by abortion. 



.\ small order containiug many ornaraontal plants, as Syringa {Lilac) and 

 Clii inanthus {Fringe-tree). The Kuropean Olive yields Olive-oil. Manna ex- 

 udes from the trunk of a European species of Ash. 



SECTION m. — APETAL.E. 



Plants with only a single series of floral envelopes (calyx), or 

 with none. 



Apetalous plants not included under Apetalm. 



Order L — Ranunculaceffl. Herbs. Flowers perfect. Ovaries 

 several, or many, 1-celled, rarely single in plants with decom- 

 pound leaves. 



Order XX. — Caryophyllaceae. Herbs, not aquatic. Leaves 

 opposite or verticillate. Flowers perfect. Stamens 3 or 10. 



Order XXXIV. — Zanthoxylaoese. Prickly shrubs. 



Order XXXVL — ^Aoeraceaj. Trees with palmately-lobed 

 loaves. Flowers in umbels or loose paniculate clusters. Sepals 

 5, usually colored. 



Order XLV. — Rosaceas. Herbs with pinnate stipulate leaves. 

 Flowers in spikes or heads. 



Order XLLX. — Onagraoese. Aquatic, or mud plants, with 

 alternate or verticillate leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary, ses- 

 sile. Stamens 8, 4, 3, or 1. 



Order LIY. — Crassulacete. Herbs. Calyx 5-parted. Ovaries 

 of 5 partly-united carpels. 



Order LVI. — Saxifragacese. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Flow- 

 ers perfect Stamens 8, rarely 10. 



Order LXIV. — Gompositfe. Herbs. Monoecious. Staminate 

 flowers consisting of several 5-toothed florets, composed of 5 sta- 

 mens, partially united by their anthers. 



Order XCL — Oleacece. Trees with pinnate leaves. Stamens 

 2. Fruit a samara. 



Apetalce proper. 



Geodp 1. — Herbs, or shrubby climbers. Flowers perfect. 

 Calyx present. Stamens 6, 10, or 12. Ovaries several-celled. 

 Orders XCH. and XCHL 



Gkoup 2. — Herbs. Leaves simple, never opposite in climbing 

 species. Flowers perfect, and the styles or stigmas 1, or more; 

 or else diclinous, and the styles or stigmas 2 or more. Ovary 1- 

 celled, l-ovuled, free from the calyx. Orders XCIV. — XCVH. 

 inclusive. 



Geoup 3. — ^Trees, or shrubs ; rarely herbs with a 5-parted ad- 

 herent calyx Flowers never in aments or globular balls. Sta- 

 mens 3—9. Styles or stigmas 1—2. Orders XCVHL— CIIL 

 inclusive. 



Geoup 4. — Aquatic, or marsh herbs. Flowers perfect oi 

 polygamous, with a several-celled ovary; or else mona3cious, 

 with a 1-celIed ovary, and the stamens 12 or more. Orders 

 CIV.— CVH. inclusive. 



Gkoup 5.— Herbs, or evergreen shrubs. Ovary several-celled, 

 becoming in fruit a capsule or drupe. Orders CVIII. and CIX. 



Geoup 6. — Trees, or shrubs. Flowers monoecious, or dioeci- 

 ous. Staminate fioweys, and frequently the pistillate flowers 

 also, in dry oblong or cylindrical aments. Orders CX — CXIV. 

 inclusive. 



Geoup "7. — ^Trees with palmately-lobed leaves. Flowers in 

 dry globular aments. Orders CXV. and CXVI. 



Geoup 8. — Trees, or shrubs, usually with a milky or yellow 

 juice ; or else herbs with a watery juice. Order CXVII. 



GROUP I. 

 Order XOII. — Aristolocluaceas. 



Herbs, or shrubby plants ; in the latter case often climbing. 

 Leaves alternate or radical. Flowers perfect, solitary, of a dull 

 brown or greenish color. Calyx-tube more or less adherent to 

 the ovary ; limb 3-cleft. Stamens 6 or 12, epigynous, or adher- 

 ent to the base of the short and thick style. Ovary 3 or 6-celled. 

 Stigmas radiate, as many as the cells of the ovary. Fruit a 

 many-seeded cajisule or berry. 



A small order of chiefly tropical plants, distinguished by their stimulant and 

 tonic properties. Asarum ( Wild Ginger), and Ai-istolocbia ( Virginia Sna?cc- 

 rooi), are examples. 



Order XOIII. — Phytolaccacese. 



Herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves alternate, without stipules. 

 Flowers perfect, in racemes. Sepals 4 — 5, petaloid. Stamens 

 4 — 5 and alternate with the sepals ; or else 10 or more. Ovary 

 1 or several-celled. Styles and stigmas as many as the cells. 

 Fruit dry or baccate, consisting of 1, or several 1-seeded carpels. 



A small, chiefly tropical order, represented here by a single Bpeciej of Phy- 

 tolacca {Pokeaseed). 



GROUP II. 



Order XCIV. — Chenopodiacese. 



Herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves alternate, often more or less 

 succulent or fleshy. Sometimes none. Flowers greenish, incon- 

 spicuous, usually perfect, sometimes dioecious or polygamous. 

 Calyx sometimes tubular at base, persistent. Stamens as many 

 as the calyx-segments, or fewer, inserted at their base. Ovary 

 free, 1-celled, l-ovuled. Styles 2 — 4, rarely 1. Fruit a utricle. 



An order of weedy, unimportant, often maritime plants. Chenopodiuni 

 {Goosefoot, Pigweed), Beta {Beet), and Salicornia {Samphire), are examples. 



Order XCV. — AmarantliaceBB. 



Herbs, or shrubs. Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flow- 

 ers in heads or spikes, or dense clusters, furnished with dry and 

 scarious, usually colored bracts. Calyx consisting of 3 — 5, dry 

 and scarious, persistent sepals. Stamens 8 — 5, or more, liypogy- 

 nous, distinct or monadelphous. Ovary free, 1-celled, with 1 or 

 more ovules. Fruit a utricle, rarely a many-seeded capsule. 



An order of plants containing a few species whose brightly-colored and im- 

 perishable flowers are ornamental, but the greater portion are mere weeds. 

 Amaranthus, Gomphrena {Glohe AmaranPi), and Celosia {Cockscomb), are 

 examples. 



Order XCVI. — Nyctaginaceffi. 



Herbs, or shrubs. Leaves opposite, one of each pair smaller 

 than the other. Calyx colored, infundibuliform, often with 2 

 bracts resembling a calyx at base, at length separating from the 

 lower part, which hardens and incloses the achenium. Stamens 



