ORDER II. MAGNOLIACE^ ilAGNOLIA-FAMILT. OEDEE VI. CABOMBA.CE^ WATEE-SIIIELD-FAMILY. 



135 



bee had alighted in its cavity. A tall species 4 — 5 feet high, common in gar- 

 dens. July —Aug. Per. 



10, ACONlTUM. 

 Sepals 5, petaloid, caducous, upper one large, vaulted. Petals 

 5, 8 lower ones minute, 2 upper on long claws, expanded into a 

 sae, or short spur at the summit, concealed beneath the galea. 

 Per. 



1. A. Napellus. Monicas Hood. 



stem straight, erect; leaves deeply 5-cleft; leaflets pinnatifld, segments 



linear, entire, furrowed above ; upper sepal arched at the back ; ovaries smooth ; 



flowers large, dark blue, in long racemes. Marked by the broad, vaulted npper 



sepal, somewhat resembling a monk^s cowL Plant 4 feet high, in gardens. 



Aug. 



11. ACTiEA. 



Sepals 4 — 5, roundish, deciduous. Petals 4 — 8, spatulate. 

 Stamens indefinite. Anthers 2-lobed, introrse. Stigma capitate, 

 sessile. Berry globose, with lateral furrows, 1-celled. Seeds 

 many, compressed. Per. 



1. A. rubra. Bed Baneherry. 



stem erect, smooth; leaves ternately decompound; leaflets ovate, serrate, 

 acuminate, smooth ; flowers small, white, in a dense hemispherical raceme, 

 pedicellate, followed by red berries on slender pedicels, containing about 11 

 seeds. An elegant plant, quito common in rocky woods, 1 — 2 feet high. May. 



2. A. tilba. 



Wliite Baneherry. 



Leaves ternately decompound ; flowers white, in oblong racemes ; petals 

 truncate ; ripe berries milk-white, often tipped with purple, on thickened pedi- 

 cels which are purple in fruit, though whitish-green at the period of flowering, 

 and are as large as the peduncle. Grows In rocky grounds, often with the last, 

 which it very much resembles in foliage and general appearance, hut is a some- 

 what stouter plant, blossoming a week later. It is easily distinguished when 

 in flower by its oblong racemes, and when in fruit by its white berries with 

 their thick pedicels. May. 



12. PiE6NIA. 

 Sepals 6, unequal, leafy, persistent. Petals 5. Stamens nu- 

 merous. Ovaries 2 — 5. Stigmas sessile, double, persistent. 

 Follicles many-seeded, opening above. Per. 



1. P. Officinalis. 



Peony. 



Stem erect, herbaceous, smooth ; lower leaves bi-pinnately divided, coriace- 

 ous ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, incised ; fruit downy, nearly straight ; root fasci- 

 culate. A splendid garden plant, universally known. Flowers 2' — 3' in diame- 

 ter, generally double, and varying from a rich dark red to a beautiful rose-color, 

 and even a pure white. May — Jv/ne. 



18. NIGi^LLA 

 Sepals 5, colored. Petals 5, 3-cleft. Styles 5. Capsules 5, 

 follicular, convex. An. 



1. N. damasodna. 



stem erect, branching, smooth ; leaves twice and thrice pinnatifld, very 

 finely dissected ; ultimate segments subulate ; flowers terminal, solitary, sur- 

 rounded by a leafy involucre, white or pale blue, often double; anthers obtuse; 

 carpels 5, 2-celled, smooth, united as far as the ends into an ovoid-globose cap- 

 sule. A common garden flower. June — Sept. An. 



Oeder II. Magnoliacese. — Magnolia-family. 



1. MAGN6LIA. 

 Sepals 5. Petals 6 — 12, caducous. Carpels 1 — 2-seeded„ 

 persistent, forming a strobile-like fruit. Seeds baccate, sub-cor- 

 date, suspended by a long funiculus when mature. Trees. 



1. M. glauca. 



Small Magnolia. 



2. LIEIOD^NDEON. 

 Sepals 3, caducous. Petals 6. Carpels 1 — 2-seeded, indehis- 

 eent, imbricated in a cone, the apex ending in a lanceolate wing. 

 Trees. 



1. L. tulipifera. Tulip-tree. 



Leaves of a rich dark green, very glabrous, truncate, with 2 lateral lobes, on 

 long petioles ; flowers large, solitary, fragrant, terminating the branches, green- 

 ish-yellow outside, orange within ; sepals oval, concave, veined, at first spread- 

 ing, afterwards reflexed. A noble tree, growing 60—30 feet high in New Eng- 

 land, and larger elsewhere. Often cultivated for ornament. May — June. 



Leaves oval, smooth, entire, obtuse, glaucous beneath ; flowers solitary, 2' 

 in diameter, fragrant; sepals 3; petals obovate, concave, narrowed at base, 

 erect A small tree, distingnished by its beautiful foliage and flowers, not un- 

 common In the Middle States, and sometimes found in swamps in New Eng- 

 land, especially in Gloucester, Mass. Cultivated as an ornamental tree. JuJ«/. 



Oedek v. Berberidaceae. — Barherry-fa/mil/y. 



1. b:iSebeei8. 



Sepals 6, ottter 3 smaller. Petals 6, roundish, with 2 glands 

 at the base of each. Stamens 6 ; filaments flattened. Stigma 

 orbicular, compressed, sessile. Fruit a 2-=-3-seeded, oblong berry. 

 Shrubs. 



1. B. vulgaris. Barherry. 



Leaves oval, or obovate, sharply serrate, with mucronate teeth, smooth, 

 growing in clusters, with 3 spines at base ; flowers yellow, in axillary, nodding 

 racemes : petals entire ; berries oblong, red, very acid. A well-known shrub, 

 growing in sandy soils, along road-sides, and in rocky pastures, 5—10 feet high. 

 The young branches are light grey and punctate ; the stamens are very irrita- 

 ble, springing with violence against the pistil, when touched at the base of the 

 filament Juffie. 



2. LE()NTICE. 



Sepals 3 — 6. Petals 6, with nectariferous scales at the base 

 within. Stamens 6. Pericarp membranaceous, 2 — 4-3eeded. 

 Seeds erect, globose. Per. 



1. L. thalictroides. Blue Cohosh. 



Yery glabrous ; leaves bi-ternate and tri-ternate ; leafiets nearly ovate, irre- 

 gularly lobed, oblique at base, terminal one broadest, equally 8-lobed ; stem 

 simple, smooth, bearing 2 leaves, lower one tri-ternate, upper bi-ternate ; flow- 

 ers of a greenish-yellow, in small racemose panicles; seeds 2, or 1 by abortion, 

 deep blue, soon bursting the integument of the ripe fruit and when raised upon 

 their stalks, they resemble berries. Found in woods, growing 1—2 feet high. 

 "When it first appears the whole plant is of a purple hue, and the leaves being 

 rolled up together, it somewhat resembles a Fern just springing up. April — 



May. . , 



3. PODOPHYLLUM. 



Sepals 3, caducous. Petals 6 — 9, obovate. Stamens 9 — 18. 

 Anthers linear. Ovary ovate, thick, sessile, peltate. Fruit a 

 large, ovoid berry, 1-ceUed, and tipped with the stigma. Per. 



1. P. peltatum. May-Apple. 



stem, smooth, round, about 1 foot high, hearing at summit 2 leaves, and a 

 nodding flower between them ; leaves large, often from 6' — 10' in diameter, 

 peltate, often cordate at base, palmately 5 — 7 -lobed ; lobes again 2-lobed, and 

 dentate at apex ; flower solitary, white, 1'— 2' in diameter ; petals curiously 

 veined ; fruit ovoid, yellowish, sub-acid and eatable, when ripe. A peculiar 

 and cnrious plant of woods and fields. Eare in N. England. Very common in 

 Western N. York, abundantly covering the hiU-sides. The barren stems sup- 

 port but 1 leaf, which is very perfectly peltate. May. 



Okdee VI. 



Cabombaceae. — Water-shield- 

 famil/y. 



1. BEASilNLA 

 Sepals 3 — 6, colored within, persistent Petals S — i. Stamens 

 18—36. Ovaries 6—18. Carpels oblong, 2, or by abortion, 1- 

 seeded. Per. 



1. B. peltata. Water-shield. 



stem floating, branched ; leaves exactly elliptical, and centrally peltate, en 

 tire, smooth, often marked with purple beneath, fioating on the surface of the 

 water ; stem, under surface of the leaves and peduncles, covered with a soft 



