136 



OEDEE VIII. NYMPHCEACEiE — WATEE-LILT-FAMILY. OEDEE XI. FUMAltlAOEJi:' — FUIIITOEY-TEIBE. 



slimy sabstance ; flowers Just rising above the water, flull purple, i' in diame- 

 ter. A not uncommon inliabitant of muddy ponds and deep stagnant waters. 

 July. 



Oeder VIIL 



Nymplioeacese. — Water-IAhj- 

 family, 



1. NYMPH(EA, 

 Sepals 4 — 5. Petals and stamens indefinite in number, in- 

 sensibly passing into eacb other. Stigma surrounded by rays. 

 Pericarp many-celled, many-seeded. JPer. 



1. N. odorata. Wliite Pond-lily. 



Leaves orbicular, cordate at base, entire, smooth, with prominent veins be- 

 neath, dark green above, paler beneath, always floating on the surface ; petioles 

 semi-cylindrical, very long in deep water; sepals 4, equalling the petals, which 

 are lanceolate, white, often tinged with purple ; filaments yellow. This truly 

 beautiful flower, which claims superiority over all our water plants, for com- 

 bined elegance and fragrance, is common in deep ponds, and slow-moving 

 rivers, where its thick, fleshy, creeping rhizomas are protected from the winter 

 cold. July. 



2. NtrPHAR. 



Sepals 5 — 6, Bomewhat petaloid. Petals numerous, inserted 

 "with the sepals, much smaller, nectariferous on the back. Sta- 

 mens linear, truncate, inserted "with the petals. Stigma sur- 

 rounded "with rays. JPer. 



1. N. ddvena. Yellow Pond-lily. 



Leaves oval, smooth, entire, cordate at base, with an open sinus, on If^ng, 

 serai-terete, spongy petioles; flowers large, dull yellow ; sepals 6, 3 outer yel- 

 low inside, 8 inner entirely yellow ; petals many ; stigma 12 — 15-rayed, with a 

 crenate margin. A rather handsome plant, growing in muddy ponds, and stag- 

 nant waters. The leaves are slimy beueath, and lie flat on the surface, when 

 the water is deep, but are larger and erect where it is shallow. June — July. 



Oeder IX. 



Sarraceniacese.- 

 fmnihj. 



-Piteher-plcmt- 



1. SAEEACENIA 

 Sepals 5, with an involucre of 3 bracts at base. Petals 6, de- 

 ciduous. Stigma very large, peltate, 5-angled, persistent. Cap- 

 sule 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Per. 



1. S, purpurea. Pitcher Plant j Side-saddle Jloiver. 



Leaves radical, decumbent, with tubular, inflated, gibbous peti(tles, which 

 are winged on the inside, i. e. pitcher-form, ending In a broadly cordate, erect 

 lamina, which is hairy on the inside, and makes the mouth of the pitcher. This 

 process, though small compared with the tubular portion, is yet the real leaf of 

 the plant Scapes 12^—20' high, with a single, large, nodding, dark-purple 

 flower; petals inflected over the stigma. This plant, which is one of the most 

 remarkable of our native species, is not uncommon in wet meadows, where its 

 curious flowers, and still more curious leaves, attract the attention at once of 

 even the common observer. The pitchers are almost filled with water, contain- 

 ing drowned insects. June. 



Oeder X. Papaveracese. — I^qppy-famih/, 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 



* Acaulescciat. 



1. SA-NGtn:N"AEiA. Petals 8 — 12. Capsule oblong, pod-like. 



* * Caulescent. l»etals 4, 



2. CnELiD^NHTM. Flowers yellow. Capsule linear, Plant with a yellow 

 juice. 



S. Papavbk, Capsule somewhat obovate, opening by pores beneath the fiat 

 Btigma. 



4. Esoh6ltzia. Calyx mitriform. Flowers yellow. Plants with a color- 

 less juice. 



1. BANGUINlEIA. 



Sepals 2, caducous. Petals 8 — 12. Stamens numerous. 

 Stigma 1 — 2-lobed, sessile. Capsule oblong, pod-like, 1-ceUed, 

 2-valved, many-seeded. Per. 



1. S. Canadensis. Bloodroot. 



Acaulescent; rhizomas creeping, fleshy, tuberous, of a red color, and from 

 these, as from all other parts of the plant, a red juice exudes, on their being 

 broken. Leaves reniform, 3 — 7-lobed, smooth, crenate, appearing with the 

 fiowers, and becoming much larger in the course of the season, somewhat glau- 

 cous. Scapes 3'— 6' high, 1-fiowered; flower about |^' in diameter, white, ino- 

 dorous, and of brief duration. An elegant and interesting plant of spring, found 

 in moist woods, and along brook-sides. April—May. 



2. chelidOnium. 

 Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens numerous. Stigma sessile, bifid. 

 Capsule pod-like, linear, 2-valved. Per. 



1. C. majus. Celandine. 



Stem erect, branching, very smooth; leaves pinnate, 5— T-fo!iate; leaflets 

 ovate, obtusely lobed and incised, smooth, glaucous; terminal leaflet wcdii:e- 

 obovate, pale green ; fiowers yellow, very fugacious in few-flowered, axillary, 

 pedunculate umbels ; sepals orbicular ; petals elliptical. A branching pais 

 green weed, common along fences and walls. Every part of the plant is full of 

 a yellow juice, which is sometimes used to destroy warts. May — Atig. 



3. PAPAYEE. 

 Sepals 2, caducous. Petals 4. Stamens numerous. Style 

 none. Capsule more or less obovate, opening by pores under the 

 broad persistent stigmas. An. 



1. P. somniferum. OpiuTn Poppy. 



Caulescent, plant very smooth and glaucous; leaves clasping, incised and 

 dentate ; flowers white, or purple, often double in cultivation ; sepals smooth ; 

 capsule globose, glaucous ; 1—2 feet high, with glaucous foliage and brilliant 

 flowers about 8' in diameter. Every part of the plant, but especially the cap- 

 sule, yields a white juice, which, hardened in the sun, forms the drug known 

 as Opium. Cultivated, rarely naturalized. June — July. 



2. P. rhaeas. Common Poppy. 



stem branching, many-flowered, hairy ; leaves pinnatlfid, incised ; flowers 

 large, showy. 2' — 3' in diameter, of a deep brilliant scarlet, sometimes red or 

 variegated ; capsules smooth, nearly globose. A fine species. Cultivated. 

 June— July. 



4. eschsch6ltzia 



Sepals 2, cohering by their edges into a mitrifonn calyx, 



caducous. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, adhering to the claws 



of the petals. Stigmas commonly 4, sessile, 2 of them generally 



abortive. Capsule pod-shaped, cylindrical, 10-ribbed, many- 



An. 



1. E. DougMssii, Esclischoltjzia. 



stem erect, branching, leafy, smooth ; leaves twice and thrice pinnatifid, 

 smooth, glaucous ; flowers large, brilliant, 2' in diameter ; torus obconic ; calyx 

 ovoid, with short, abrupt acumination ; petals bright yellow, with orange spots 

 at base. An elegant annual from California, but common in cultivation. Dis- 

 tinguished by its delicate foliag-e and showy flowers. 



Order XI. Fumariacese. — Fimiitory-trile. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENEEA. 



* Acaulescent. 



1. DicENTKA. Petals 4, distinct, 2 outer spurred at base. 



* * Caulescent. 



2. Adl-^mia. Petals 4, united into a spongy monopetalous corolla. Plant 



climbing by petioles. 



8. CoRYDALis. Petals 4, 1 only spurred at base. Capsule pod-shaped. 

 Plant not climbing. 



4, FuMARiA. Petals 4, 1 only spurred at base. Capsule a 1-seeded, globose 

 nut Plant not climbing. 



1. I)IC:£NTEA. 

 Sepals 2, minute. Petals 4, 2 outer saccate, or spurred at 

 base. Stamens in 2 sets of 3 each. Capsule pod-shaped, 2* 

 valved, many-seeded. Per. 



1. D. cucullaria. Dutchman's Breeches. 



Acanlescent ; leaves radical, tri-ternately decompound, very finely dissected, 

 light green, glaucous beneath ; scapes 3'— 10' high, smooth, with erect, simple. 



