140 ORDER XVI. DEOSEEACE^ — SUNDEW-FAMILY. ORDER XVIII. HYPERIOAOE^ — ST. JOHN ^S- WORT-FAMILY. 



line. An Englisli species cultivated in gardens, and well known by its exquisite 

 fragranco. A variety has white flowers, April— May, 



7. V.bMnda. White Violet. 



Leaves cordate, slightly pubescent, crenate, on sbort, slightly pubescent 

 petioles ; flowers small, white, on scapes longer than the leaves, slightly 

 I'ragrant; rhizoma creeping; petals marked with blue lines, greenish at base, 

 mostly beardless. Meadows ; common. May, 



8. V. lanceol^ta. Lance-leaved Violet. 



Leaves lanceolate, slightly crenate, erect, on rather long petioles, attenuate 

 at both ends ; scapes 4-sided, bracteolate, longer than the leave-s ; flowers email, 

 white ; petals greenish at base, marked with blue lines, generally beardless. 

 Often growing with the last in wet meadows. Common. May. 



9. Y. rotundifolia. Round-leaved Violet. 



Leaves large, orbicular-ovate, cordate at base, nearly smooth, crenate, with 

 a closed sinus and pubescent petioles; flowers small, pale yellow; stigma re- 

 curved at apex, margined; petals marked at base with brown lines; lateral 

 petals bearded ; sepals obtuse. A small species with small, yellow flowers, 

 sometimes found in old woods, and on densely wooded bill-sides. May. 

 * * Oaulesceoit. 



10. V. Canadensis. Canadian Violet. 



stem nearly purple ; radical leaves reniform ; cauline ones cordate ; all ser- 

 rate, nearly or quite smooth, with pubescent veins ; flowers of medium size, 

 pale blue or white; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire; peduncles shorter than 

 the leaves; petals yellowish at base ; upper ones purple outside, paler within, 

 and marked with purple lines ; lateral ones ])earded. A common violet in 

 mountainous districts, growing in woods, 6' — 12' high. May — June. 



11. Y. pubescens. Large Yellow Violet. 



Stem erect, pubescent; leaves broad, cordate, often almost triangular in out- 

 line, obtuse, toothed, covered with a soft, thick pubescence; stipules ovate, 

 subdentate; flowers rather large, yellow ; lateral petals bearded; upper ones 

 marked with brown lines ; peduncles pubescent, shorter than the leaves ; sepals 

 oblong-lanceolate; spur very short, subgibbous. A fine violet with yellow 

 flowers, growing in rich woods, 3' — 6'. Common. It is very variable, espe- 

 cially in height and pubescence, being often nearly smooth. May— June. 



12. Y. Mulilenl36rgii. Spreading Violet. 



stem weak, asEurgent, branching at base; leaves reniform or cordate, cre- 

 nate; upper ones somewhat acuminate, petiolate, with incisely ciliate stipules; 

 flowers pale bine, medium size, with conspicuous spurs ; peduncles axillary, 

 longer than the petioles, with 2 alternate bracts on the upper portion ; stigma 

 tubular, pubescent; spur very obtuse. A pretty species, of slender habit, in 

 swamps and low grounds. 3Iay. 



13. Y. tricolor. Pansy. 



stem angular, diffuse; leaves ovate, obtnse; lower ones ovate- cordate, cre- 

 nate, petiolate ; stipules lyrate, very large, the terminal segment equalling the 

 leaves, crenate ; flowers large, on long axillary peduncles ; 3 upper petals of a 

 rich velvet-like purple ; the 2 lateral ones pale straw color, and with tbe yellow 

 lowest one marked with purple lineS; spur thick, obtuse, very short. A beau- 

 tifQl and very variable species, cultivated in gardens. It begins to bloom early 

 in spring, and continues until winter. 



Oedee XVI. 



Droseracese- 



1. DE(5SEEA 



-Sundew-family. 



Sepals 5, miited at base, equal, persistent. Petals 6. Sta- 

 mens 5. Styles 3 — 5, 2-parted. Capsule subgloboee, ovoid, 3- 

 valved, 1-ceIled, many-seeded. Per. 



1. D, rotundifdlia. Sundew. 



Leaves radical, in tufts, orbicular, on long petioles, lying flat on the ground, 

 covered with long, reddish, curving, glandular hairs; scapes circinate when 

 young, racemose, somewhat 1-sided; flowers small, white; the scape at first 

 coiled inward, but unv/inding as it flowers, it becomes erect in seed. Marshes. 

 Aug. 



2. D. longifolia. Long-leaved Sundew. 



Leaves obovate or spatulate, on long, smooth petioles, covered with hairs, as 

 to the other species ; flowers small, white, in few-flowered, somewhat recurved 



racemes like those of the last, from which it Is distinguished by the form of the 

 leaves, and its more slender habit. A beautiful little plant, the glandular 

 hairs with which it is so thickly clotted, collect drops of water, giving it tho 

 appearance of being sprinkled with pellucid dew-drops. June — Aug. 



2. PAENASSIA 

 Sepals 5, persistent, united at base. Petals 6, persistent 

 nearly perigynons. Stamens perigynous, in 2 series ; outer inde 

 finite in number, arranged in 6 groups, sterUe ; inner series con- 

 sisting of 5 perfect ones, alternating with the petals. Capsule 

 1-eelled, 4-valved. Seeds numerous, with a winged testa. Per. 



1. P. Caroliniana. Grass of Parnassus. 



Acaulescent; leaves on long, channelled petioles, orbicular-ovate, strongly 

 veined, entire, light green, somewhat coriaceous ; scapes 4-angled, generally 

 with a sessile leaf just below the middle ; flowers solitary, large, white, nearly 

 1' in diameter; sterile filaments in 6 clusters of 5 each, distinct almost to the 

 base ; petals much larger than the calyx, oval, beautifully veined with a light 

 dull green. A common and very elegant plant. Wet meadows. JvZy — Aug, 



Oedee XVII. Cistacese. — Rockliose-family. 



1. HELIANTHEMUM. 

 Sepals 5 ; the 2 outer ones much smaller. Petals 5, or rarely 

 3, sometimes wanting, fugacious. Stamens numerous. Stigmas 

 3, more or less united. Capsule triangular, 3-valved, 3, or 

 many-seeded. Per. 



1. H. Canadense. Eoch Rose. 



stem erect, mostly simple, pubescent; leaves oblong, entire, usually alter- 

 nate, acute, paler beneath ; flowers of 2 kinds, the earlier ones large, few, bright 

 yellow, fugacious, terminal ; petals large, thin, nearly orbicular, emarginate, 

 twice as long as the calyx ; later ones apetalous, or with very small petals, ax- 

 illary, sessile, nearly solitary, very small; capsules smooth, shining; those of 

 the apetalous flowers very small. A handsome plant in its first bloom, about 1 

 foot high, with large yellow fiowers, which appear in June; but during the rest 

 of the summer it puts forth minute apetalous fiowers, and then much resembles 

 Lechea major. 



2. LECHtA 



Sepals 5 ; 2 outer much smaller. Petals 3, lanceolate, small. 

 Stamens 3 — 12. Stigmas 3, nearly sessile, almost united. Cap 

 sule 3-valved, 3-celled. Placentae each 1 — 2-seeded. Per. 



1. L. major. Great Pinweed. 



Stem erect, pubescent, branching; branches villous ; radical ones prostrate; 

 leaves mostly alternate, oblong, mucronate, hairy; fiowers small, dull purple, 

 numerous, in irregular, leafy racemes, Inconspicuous, followed by a small fruit, 

 rather larger than a pin-head. A rigid, erect plant, in dry fields, growing 10' — 

 20' high, with a brittle purplish stem. The root sends out prostrate branches, 

 which last through the winter, and are thickly covered with nearly round tufted 

 leaves, July— Aug. 



2. L. thymifolia. Long-leaved Pinweed. 



stem decumbent at base, very branching, pubescent, often of a dull purple ; 

 leaves very numerous, frequently verticillate ; cauline ones oblanceolate, or ob- 

 long-linear, those of the stem branches much smaller, linear ; those of the radi- 

 cal branches imbricated, elliptical ; flowers numerous, in axillary and terminal 

 clusters of 3 or 4, followed by minute, globose fruit Bandy fields near tho 

 coast July. 



3. L. minor. Small Pinweed. 



stem erect, nearly smooth, very branching ; radical branches procumbent, 

 hairy, often none ; leaves linear ; those of the stem often nearly oblong, scat 

 tered, sometimes verticillate ; flowers dull purple, in nearly simple racemes, 

 separate, pedicellate ; capsule globose. A delicate species in dry grounds, 8'— 5 

 high, with fiowers and fruit twice as large as in L. major. June — Sep. 



Order XVIII. Hypericaceae — 8t. Joliris- 



wovtrfmnily. 



1. HTPifeRICITM. 

 Sepalfi 5, connected at base, nearly equal, foliaceous. Petals 

 5, oblique. Stamens numerous, sometimes few, united at base 



