152 



OKDER SLIV. EOSACEiE EOSE-FAMILT. 



3. P. domestlca. Plum. 



Leaves oval or ovate-lanceolate, acute ; flowers white, generally solitary, 

 pedicellate; drupe ranging from nearly or quite round, to ovoid and obovoid. 

 A shrub or small tree 10— 15 feet high, -with unarmed branches. It has been 

 long cultivated for its delicious fruit, "which varies in color as well as form, be- 

 ing sometimes black, sometimes white, and of all intermediate colors, and is 

 ripe from August to October. Flowers in May, 



8. AEMENtiCA 

 Calyx 5-cleft, deciduous. Petals 5. Drupe succulent, pubes- 

 cent. Nucleus or stone compressed,, smooth, with furrowed mar- 

 gins, one obtuse and the other acute. 



1. A. vulgaris. Ajpricot. 



Leaves broad ovate, acuminate, sub-cordate at base, smooth, denticulate; 

 petioles with several glands at base ; stipules palmate; flowers rather large, 

 white, senile, nearly solitary, preceding the leaves; drupe large, sub-compress- 

 ed, nearly round. A small tree 10 — 15 foet high, often cultivated in gardens. 

 The ffuit is delicious, of a purplish-yellow color, ripe in July and August Ap. 



4. PilRSICA. 



Calyx tubular, deciduous, 5-clefti Petals 5. Drupe fleshy, 

 pubescent or smooth. Kucleus or stone sub-compressed, ovate, 

 acute, rugosely furrowed on the surface. 



P. vulgaris. Peach. 



Leaves lanceolate, serrate, with acute serratures ; flowers rose-color, solitary, 

 sub-sessile, preceding the leaves; drupe tomentose. A small tree, 10— 20 feet 

 high, universally cultivated for its fruit, which is 1' — 3' in diameter, white or 

 yellow mingled with red, with yellow or white flesh. Eipe in July — October. 

 Flowers in May, 



Var. laevis ; drupe smooth. Nectarine. 



5. SPIE^A 



Calyx 5-eleft, persistent. Petals 5, roundish, equal. Stamens 

 10 — 50. Carpels 8 — 12, distinct, follicular, 1-celled, 2-valved, 

 1 — 10-seeded. Styles terminal. 



1. S. tomentosa. Hardhaclc. 



Stem shrubby, brittle, woolly-tomentose and rust-colored; leavp-s ovate, or 

 oblong, on short petioles, numerous, ferruginous-tomentose beneath, unequally 

 serrate ; racemes short, dense, numerous, aggregated into a dense, virgate pani- 

 cle ; flowers pale purple, very small, numerous ; stamens exsert. A common 

 shrub, 2 — 3 feet high, in pastures and low grounds. Jtdy. 



2. S. salicif61ia. Meadoiv-sweet. 



Nearly smooth ; leaves ohlong-obovate, or lanceolate, sharply, and some- 

 times doubly serrate, on very short petioles; flowers white, often tinged with 

 red, arranged in dense, terminal panicles ; carpels 5, smooth. A common and 

 beautiful shrub, in meadows and low grounds, 2—4 feet high, with variable 

 leaves, and brittle, purplish stems. July — Aug. 



3. S. hypericif61ia. St. Peterh Wreath. 



Nearly glabrous ; leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, attenuate at base to a peti- 

 ole, entire, or somewhat toothed, stipulate; flowers white, in pedunculate 

 corymbs, or sessile umbels. A cultivated shrub, 3—8 feet high. May. 



4. S. opuliftilia. Nine-harlc. 



Nearly glabrous ; leaves roundish, S-lobed, doubly serrate, petiolate ; flowers 

 white, in pedunculate corymbs resembling umbels ; pedicels filiform ; carpels 

 3 — 5, longer than the calyx when in fruit, purple. A very elegant shrub, occa- 

 sionally met with along the banks of streams, becoming quite common in culti- 

 vation. tTune. 



5. S. ulmaria. Double Meadow-sweet. 



Herbaceous; leaves interruptedly pinnate, 3 — 7 foliate; lateral leaflets 

 ovate-lanceolate; terminal ones much larger, palmately 5— T-lohed ; all doubly 

 serrate, and tomentose beneath; stipule reniform, serrate; flowers white, in a 

 corymbose, long-pedonculftte panicle. Common in cultivation, where the flow- 

 ers are mostly double. July. J^er. 



G. GILL:fiNIA. 

 Calyx tubular- cam panul ate, with the orifice somewhat con- 

 tracted, 6-cleft. Petals 5, linear-lanceolate, very long and une- 

 qual. Stamens 10 — 15. Carpels 5. Styles filiform, terminal. 

 Follicles 3, 2-valved, 2 — 4-seeded. Per. 



1. G-. trifoliata. 



Indian Physic. 



stem shrabby at base, slender, and nearly smooth, branching; leaves 3-foU 

 ate, subsessile; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminate; stipules linear, setaceous, en- 

 tire ; flowers rose-color, or nearly white, axillary and terminal, on long pedicels, 

 in pedunculate, corymbose panicles ; root emetic and cathartia A handsome 

 plant, 2 — 3 feet liigh, in woods. Western N. York. June — July. 



T. AGEIM6NIA 

 Calyx-tube turbinate, armed with hooked bristles above, con- 

 tracted at the throat, with a 5-cleft limb. Petals 6. Stamens 

 12 — 15. Ovaries 2. Styles terminal Achenia included in the 

 indurated rim of the calyx. Per. 



1. A. eupatoria. Agrimony. 



stem erect, hirsute, branching; leaves inteiTuptedly pinnate, 5— 7-foliate, 

 upper ones 3-foliate; leaflets ovate, oval, or oblong-lanceolate, coarsely toothed; 

 stipules large, coarsely dentate ; flowers yellow, in virgate spikes, on very short 

 pedicels; petals twice as long as the calyx. A common, hairy plant, 2 — 4 feet 

 high. Borders of woods and fields. July. 



8. G:fcUM. 

 Calyx deeply 5-cleft, with 5 alternate, smaller, and exterior 

 segments, or bracteoles. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Achenia 

 numerous, aggregated on the conical, or cylindrical, dry recep- 

 tacle, caudate with termiual, persistent, bearded styles. J*er. 



1. Gr. riyale. Water-Avens. 



stem erect, nearly or quite simple, pubescent ; radical leaves interrupted 

 and lyrately pinnate; cauline ones 3-foliate, or 3-iobed; stipules ovate, acute ; 

 flowers few, purple, nodding; calyx greenish-purple; petals pui-plish- yellow, 

 broad, obovate, emarginate, abruptly unguiculate. A handsome plant, common 

 in bogs and wet meadows, with rather large, nodding flowers. Jmie. 



2. G. strictum. Yellow Avens. 



Stem erect, hispid at base, hirsute above, dichotomous at summit ; radical 

 leaves interruptedly pinnate, the leaflets incisely lobed and serrate; cauline 

 ones 3 — 5 foliate, leaflets rhombic-ovate, or oblong, lobed and incised ; flowers 

 numerous, rather large, yellow; petals larger than the calyx; style, except tlie 

 hairy upper joint, smooth ; receptacle densely pubescent. A stout species, 2—3 

 feet high, in fields, especially in N. N. Eng. and N. York. July — Aug. 



3. Gr. Virginianum, White Avens. 



stem erect, pubescent, more or less branched; radical leaves pinnate, or 

 ternate, or rarely simple, cauline ones 3— 5-foliate, or lobed, dentate or serrate, 

 somewhat pubescent, or smooth; flowers small, white, erect; petals wedge- 

 obovate, equalling the calyx ; style smooth ; receptacle densely hirsute. A 

 common species, 1 — 2 feet high, in thickets, and along fences. Leaves very 

 variable; upper ones often simple, and nearly entire, July. 



9. POTENTlLLA 

 Calyx 4 — 5-cleft, with 4 — 5 alternate, exterior segments, or 

 bracteoles. Petals 4 — 5, dentate, deciduous. Stamens numerous, 

 with very slender filaments. Ovaries numerous, collected into a 

 head, on a persistent, dry receptacle. Styles deciduous. Ache- 

 nia numerous. Per. 



1. P. Norvegiea. Norwegian Ginquefoil. 



Hirsute ; stem erect, dichotomous above ; leaves palmately 3-foliate, entire, 

 on very short petioles ; leaflets numerous, obovate, becoming lanceolate above, 

 coarsely serrate, petiolulate ; flowers yellow, in leafy cymes ; petals emarginate, 

 shorter than the lanceolate, acute sepals. A common species, 1 — 3 feet high, in 

 pastures and waste places. July — Aug. 



2. P. Canadensis. Five-finger. 



Hirsute-pubescent ; stems sarmentose, procumbent and ascending ; leaves 

 palmately 3 — 5-foliate; leaflets obovate, silky beneath, especially when young, 

 incisely toothed toward the apex; stipules 2— S-cleft, or entire; flowers yellow, 

 on axillary, solitary, elongated pedicels; calyx-segments shorter than the brac- 

 teoles, and rather shorter than the petals. A very common and variable spe- 

 cies, sporting into apparently distinct varieties under the influence of different 

 soils. April— Aug. 



The most common varieties are — 



Var. piimila — very small and delicate. In dry soils, flowering in, April and 

 May ; 



