166 



OllDER LXrV'. COMPOSITJE COMPOSITE-FAMILY. 



10, in 2 rows, oblong-lanceolflte, at length shorter than the flowers, A rough, 

 haiiy plant, 2 — 3 feet high, with a somewhat paniculate corymb. Low grounds 

 near the coast Aug. 



3. E. sessilifulium. Sessile-leaved Eu^atorium. 



Stem slender, branching above, smooth ; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate-lan- 

 ceolate, or lanceolate, rounded at base, tapering to the extremity, smooth, ser- 

 rate ; hnads white, In compound, pubescent corymbs, about 5-flowered ; scales 

 of the involucre oval, or oblong, obtuse. A slender species, 2 — 4 feet high, not 

 uncommon in rocky woods. Aug. — Sep. 



4. E. pubescens. Hairy Eupatorium. 



Pubescent ; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate, acute, serrately toothed, rough, 

 ,elny, pubescent; beads white, in afastigiate corymb, 7~8-flowered; scales of 

 the involucre lanceolate, acute, pubescent. A rough species, 8^ feet high, not 

 uncommon near the coast. Aug. 



5. E. perfoliatum. Boneset. 



Stem erect, stout, rough, hairy; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, connate-per- 

 follate, very pubescent, serrate ; heads white, about 12-flowered, in a flat-topped, 

 pubescent corymb ; scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate. A very rough, 

 hairy species, universally known and marked by the opposite leaves united at 

 base. So perfectly as to seem but one. Very common in low grounds. Aug, — 

 Sep. 



6. E. ageratoides. Nettle-leaved Uu;patorium. 



stem smooth, branching ; leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, aub-cordate at 

 base, coaraely toothed, on long petioles, mostly smooth ; heads white, with 12 

 or more flowers, in compound corymbs ; involucre scales in 1 row. A large- 

 leaved species, nearly smooth, with white scentless flowers in clusteis, arranged 

 in a corymb. Stem 1—4 feet high. Eocky woods. Attg. — Sep. 



7. E. aromdticum. Aromatic Eupatorium. 



Smooth or somewhat pubescent; stem nearly simple; leaves ovate, sub- 

 cordate at base, on short petioles, opposite, acute, obtusely serrate; involucre 

 simple, pubescent; heads large, 10 — 16-flowered, white, aromatic, in email 

 corymbs. An elegant species, resembling the last, but distinguished by its 

 short petioles, blunt teeth, and aromatic flowers. Low woods. Aug. — Sep. 



8. MIKANIA. 

 Involucre about 4-leaTed. Heads "with about 4 flowers. Re- 

 ceptacle naked. Pappus simple, capillary, roughish. Achenia 

 6-angled. J*er. 



1. M. scdndens. Glimhing Mihania. 



Smooth ; stem climbing ; leaves opposite, cordate, petiolate, repandly den- 

 tate, acuminate ; heads in numerous, axillary, pedunculate corymbs; flowers 

 pale pink or flesh color. A rather elegant, climbing plant, in wet thickets, with 

 flowers much resembling those of Eupatorium. Not very common. Aug. — 

 Sep. 



4. LllTKIS. 



Heads few to many-flowered. Involucres imbricate, with ap- 

 pressed scales. Pappus abundant, more or less plumose. Ache- 

 nia tapering at base, 10-ribbed. Styles much exserted. Per. 



1. L. Scariosa. Blazing Star. 



stem erect, simple, rough, pubescent ; lower leaves lanceolate, on long peti- 

 oles ; upper ones linear, and smaller ; heads large, purple, 20 — 40-flowered, in a 

 long, terminal raceme, pedicellate, rather remote ; involucre somewhat hemis- 

 pherical; scales obovate, very obtuse, with scarious and often purplish tips. 

 A very beautiful plant, 2—4 feet high, In dry sandy soils, but not very common. 

 Distinguished by Its long racemes of large purple heads and its numerous, scat- 

 tered, narrow leaves. Aug.^Sep. 



5. TUSSILAGO. 

 Heads many-flowered. Ray-flowers narrow, in many rows, 

 pistillate. Disk-flowers few, staminate. Involucre mostly simple. 

 Receptacle naked, flat. Pappus capillary. Per, 



1. T. F4rfara. Coltsfoot. 



Acaulescent; rhizoma creeping; leaves large, cordate, angular, toothed, dark 

 green above, and with the petioles, downy beneath; scapes simple, 1-flowered, 

 scaly, preceding the leaves; flowers yellow, with numerous, very narrow rays, 

 A low plant found in clayey soils, and producing its flowers in early spring be- 

 fore the leaves. April. 



6. ASTEK. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre scales generally imbricated, 

 often with herbaceous tips. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, in a 

 single row. Disk-flowers tubular, perfect. Receptacle flat, al- 

 veolate. Pappus simple, capillary. Achenia usually compressed. 

 Per. 



1. A. corymbosus. Corymhed Aster. 



Stem slender, flesuous, smooth, with pubescent branches ; leaves ovate, 

 sharply and irregularly serrate, strongly acuminate, nearly smooth; lower and 

 radical ones cordate, petiolate ; uppermost ovate-lanceolate, sessile; petioles 

 naked; involucre of closely appressed, obtuse scales; rays 6—9 narrow. A 

 common species, with flat corymbs of white flowers, of a much slenderer and 

 smoother habit than the next. Dry woods and thickets. Aug. 



2. A. macropliyllus. Large-leaved Aster. 



Stem stout, branched, not flexuous; leaves rough, finely serrate, somewhat 

 acuminate ; lower ones large, cordate, on long petioles ; upper ones ovate or ob- 

 long, sessile, or on winged petioles; heads in large, flat corymbs; rays 12 — 15, 

 white or bluish; involucre with oblong, acute scales. A much larger and 

 stouter plant than the last. Stem 1 — 2 feet high. Common in woods and thick- 

 ets. Aug. — Sep. 



3. A. cordifolius. Heart-leaved Aster. 



Stem erect, mostly smooth, with many divaricate branches above ; leaves 

 cordate, sharply serrate, hairy beneath, acuminate, on slender, somewhat mar- 

 gined and hairy pcLioles; heads racemed on the branches; rays 10 — 15, pale 

 blue; involucre-scales appressed, with short green tips. A common species, 2 

 feet high, in rocky woods, bearing a long compound panicle of numerous, pale 

 blue flowers. 



4. A. undulatus. 



Variable Aster. 



Pubescent and somewhat hairy ; stem erect, panicled above; lower leaves 

 cordate, somewhat serrate, on winged petioles; upper ones ovate or ovate-lanceo- 

 late, undulate, or slightly serrate, on short, broadly margined petioles, which are 

 dilated and clasping at base, or sessile, cordate and clasping at base ; all somewhat 

 rough above, pubescent beneath; heads solitary, in somewhat unilateral ra- 

 cemes, arranged in a terminal panicle; rays pale blue. A rough species, dlstin- 

 gnished by its variable leaves on the same plant. Common in dry woods and 

 thickets. Aug.— Sep. 



5. A. patens. 



Spreading Aster. 



Pubescent and somewhat rough ; stem branching, paniculate above; leaves 

 oblong-ovate, or oblong, sessile, cordate and clasping tlie stem at base, rough 

 above and on the margin, entire ; heads large, with very showy violet-purple 

 rays, solitary, on leafy branchlets, forming a loose, terminal panicle ; involucre- 

 scales lanceolate, with spreading, green tips; achenia silky. A very common 

 and elegant species, 2—3 feet liigh, in dry flelds and thickets. Distinguished by 

 its conspicuously clasping leaves, which, at a little distance appear perfoliate. 

 In moist grounds the leaves often taper somewhat toward the base. Aug.— 

 Oct. 



6. A. Isevis. Smooth Aster. 



Very smooth and often glaucous ; stem angular ; leaves lanceolate, or ovate- 

 lanceolate, somewhat fleshy, mostly entire ; the upper ones somewhat cordate, 

 or auriculate at base ; the lower and radical ones tapering to a winged petiole ; 

 involucre-scales with broad-linear, appressed, green tips ; heads large, solitary, 

 at the ends of the branchlets, with bright blue, showy rays, forming a terminal 

 panicle. A very beautiful species, 2—3 feet high, in low grounds. Distinguish- 

 ed by its entire smoothness and generally glaucous appearance. Common. 

 Sep.~2^(yo. 



7. A. puniceus. Bough Aster, 



stem erect, very branching, pubescent, rough, paniculate above ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate, auriculate and clasping at base, slightly serrate, pubescent, rough above, 

 nearly smooth beneath, acuminate ; heads large, with very numerous and nar- 

 row, pale-purple rays, showy, forming a very large and leafy panicle ; involu- 

 cre-scales narrow-linear, long and revolute in 2 rows. A showy species, with e 

 rough stem generally red on one side, and scabrous. Leaves serrate in the mid- 

 dle. Swamps and low grounds. Very common. Sep.— Oct. 



8. A. Novae Angliae. Neiv England Aster. 



stem fitout, hispid, paniculate above ; leaves lanceolate, entire, acute, aurl' 

 culate and clasping at base, somewhat pubescent, thickly clothing tho stem 



