OKDEE LXrV. composite: COMPOSITE-FAMILY. 



169 



very large, solitary, terminating tlie branches ; rays linear, liglit yellow, 2—8- 

 toothed at apex; involucre-scales ovate, follaceoua. A stout, herbaceous plant, 

 4 — 6 ft. high, with very large flowers and radical leaves, the latter often 1 ft. 

 long. Common by road-sides. Introduced. July— Aug. 



15. PLtJCHEA. 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular, those of the mar- 

 gin pistillate and fertile, with a filiform truncate corolla ; those 

 of the centre perfect, few, with a 6-eleft corolla. Involucre im- 

 bricated. Receptacle flat, naked. Style undivided. Achenia 

 suloate. Pappus simple, capillary. Per. 



1. P. campliorata. Marsh Fleabane. 



Somewhat viscid- pubescent; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, thick, 

 serrate, acute, on very short petioles; heads rather large, light purple, arranged 

 in crowded, flat, terminal corymbs. A coarse and fleshy plant of the salt 

 marshes, about 1 ft high, exhaling a strong and somewhat disagreeable cam- 

 phoric odor. Aug. 



16. IIELI(3PSIS. 



Heads many-flowered ; rays 10 or more, pistillate, fertile. 

 Disk-flowers perfect. Involucre-scales in 3 rows. Receptacle 

 chaffy, conical. Achenia 4-sided. Pappus none. Per. 



1. H. laevis. Ox-eye. 



Nearly or quite smootli ; leaves ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, opposite, 

 petlolate, 3-nerved, serrate ; lower ones mure or less truncate at base ; heads large, 

 showy, with yellow rays, solitary, pedunculate, terminating the stem and 

 branches ; rays linear, broader at base, obtuse at apex. A large, elegant plant, 

 with showy flowers, 2—5 ft. high, in thickets and along fences. Common in N. 

 York, and some portions of N. England, Var. sc^bra has the foliage some- 

 what rough. June — Aug. 



IT. eudb:6ckia. 



Heads many -flowered. Rays neutral. Disk perfect. Invo- 

 lucre-scales foliaoeous, in 2 rows. Receptacle conical, with short 

 ehoff. Achenia 4-sided. Pappus none, or a minute, 4-toothed 

 margin. Per. 



1. R. laciniata. Gone-flower. 



stem smooth, round, branching; leaves often somewhat rough; lowest ones 

 pinnate, with incised or 8-lobed leaflets ; upper ones toothed and cut, petlolate, 

 S — 5-lobed, with ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, and sometimes entire lobes ; 

 heads large, with linear, yellow, drooping rays, terminal. A tall plant, rather 

 common in thickets and swamps, somewhat resembling a sun-flower. The 

 highest leaves are simple and ovate. July — Sep. 

 18. ZlNNIA. 

 Heads many-flowered. Rays 5, persistent, entire, pistillate. 

 Disk-flowers perfect. Involucre-scales margined, imbricate. Re- 

 ceptacle chaffy, conical. Pappus of the disk-flowers consisting of 

 2 erect awns. An. 



1. Z. elegans. Zinnia. 



Stem hairy, branching ; leaves ovate, cordate, sessile and clasping, opposite, 

 entire; heads large, on long peduncles ; chaff serrated. A common annual in 

 cultivation, with violet, purple, scarlet and white flowers. 



2. Z. multiflora. Small Zinnia. 



stem hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, on short petioles, opposite, entire ; 

 heads smaller than in the last, commonly purplish, on long peduncles. A com- 

 mon garden annual. 



19. heliAnthus. 



Heads many-flowered. Rays neutral. Disk-flowers perfect. 



Involucre-scales imbricated in several rows. Receptacle flat, or 



convex. Chaff persistent with the 4-sided, laterally compressed 



achenia. Pappus of 2 deciduous, chaffy awns. Per. except No. 1. 



1. H. annuus. Sun- flower. 



Leaves cordate, petlolate, 3-veined, the lowest opposite the others, alternate ; 

 heads very large, on nodding or thickened peduncles ; rays numerous, broad, 

 bright yellow. A well-known cultivated annual species, with very large, cor- 

 date leaves and immense heads, sometimes 1 ft in diameter. It grows 8—10 

 ft. high, and even higher, according to the soil. July— Sep. 



2. H. strumdsus. Wild Sun-flower. 



stem erect, mostly simple, tall, smooth below ; leaves opposite, ovate-lan- 

 »olate, serrate, acuminate, abrupt at base, rough above, smooth, or somewhat 

 22 



pubescent and downy beneath, with short, winged petioles, heads rather largo, 

 few; rays about 10; involucre-scales ciliate, broadly lanceolate, equalling the 

 lanceolate rays, with spreading tips. A common species with showy flowers- 

 8 — 6 ft. high. River banks and low thickets. Aug.— Sep. 



3. H. decapetalus. Ten-rayed Sun-flower. 



Stem tall, branching, rough above, smooth below ; leaves opposite, ovate, 

 acuminate, coarsely serrate, 8-veined, mostly somewhat rough above, of the 

 same color on both sides, abrupt at base, with winged petioles; heads rather 

 large, with about 10 pale yellow rays ; involucre-scales linear-lanceolate, ciliate, 

 spreading, outer ones longer than the disk, A less showy species than the last 

 Common along river banks, and in low thickets. Plants 2 — 5 ft. high, often with 

 the outer involucre-scales more or less foliaoeous. Aug. — Sep. 



4. H. divaricatus. Slender Sun-flower. 



Stem smooth, simple, or sparingly branched; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceo- 

 late, 3-veined, sessile, rounded or truncate at base, acuminate, serrate, rough 

 above ; heads small, few, somewhat corymbose ; involucre-scales lanceolate, acu- 

 minate, equalling the disk. A ehowy species 2—5 ft. high. Common in 

 thickets and dry grounds. Aug. — Sep. 



5. H. tuberdsus. Jerusalem Artichoke. 



Stem rough, branching stout ; leaves petlolate, S-veined, acuminate, rough, 

 serrate, ovate, alternate, lower ones opposite, cordate-ovate; petioles ciliate at 

 base; rays 13— 20; InvoUicre-scales linear-lanceolate. A tall species with tuber- 

 ous roots, naturalized around gardens and along fences. Sep. 



20. TAGilTES. 

 Heads heterogamous ; involucre tubular, of 5 united scales in 

 1 row. Ray-flowers 5, persistent. Receptacle naked. Pappus 

 of 5 erect bristles. An. 



1. T. patula. 



French Marigold. 



stem erect, with spreading branches; leaves pinnately divided; segments 

 linear-lanceolate ; heads orange-yellow, solitary, on long, cylindrical peduncles ; 

 involucre smooth. A garden annual, about 3 feet high. 



2. T. erecta. African Marigold. 



stem erect; leaves pinnately divided, segments lanceolate, ciliate, serrate; 

 heatls twice larger than T. patula, solitary on the thickened and ventricose 

 peduncles. Garden annual. 



21. IIEL;fcNIUM. 

 Heads many-flowered. Rays pistillate. Involucre in 2 rows. 

 Pappus of several 6-awned chaSy scales. Receptacle globose, 

 naked. Rays 3-cleft at summit. Per. 



1. H. autumnale. Sneeze-weed. 



Nearly smooth ; stem erect, branching, with winged angles ; leaves alter- 

 nate, lanceolate, serrate, deciirrent; heads numerous, terminal on the stem and 

 branches, loosely corymbose, showy ; rays drooping, longer than the globular 

 disk, obtusely 3-tootbed at apex. A showy plant, 2—3 ft. high, very bitter to 

 the taste. Common in low grounds, along rivers in New Tork ; rare in New 



England. Sep. , 



° 22. ANTHEMIS. 



Heads many-flowered. Rays pistillate. Involucre hemis- 

 pherical, with the scales imbricate and nearly equal. Receptacle 

 chaffy, conical Pappus none, or forming a minute crown on the 

 obovoid achenium. 



1. A. nobilis. Chamomile. 



stem prostrate, branching at baae, woolly ; leaves pinnatifldly decompound ; 

 segments Hnear-subulate ; heads white, fragrant; chaff scarious, lanceolate, 

 rather shorter than the flowers. A common plant in gardens, cultivated for its 

 fragrance and medicinal properties. July — S^. 



28. MAHtTTA. 

 Heads many-flowered. Rays neutral. Involucre imbricated, 

 hemispherical. Receptacle chafy, conical. Pappus none. Achenia 



obovoid, smooth. An. 



1. M. cotula. May-weed. 



stem erect, furrowed, very branching, nearly smooth ; leaves alternate, bl- 

 pinnatifid; segments linear-subulate; heads solitary, on long, furrowed 

 peduncJes ; rays white, deflexed ; disk yellow ; involucre-scales scarious on the 

 margin ; chaff bristly, shorter than the flowers, found only on the summit of tha 



