170 



OEDER LXIV. COMPOSITiE — COMPOSITE-FAMILY. 



receptaclo. An ill-scented plant, 1 ft high, with dark-green, very finely dis- 

 sected leaves. Natnvalized, and common in road-sides and waste places. June. 

 Sep. 



24. ACHILLlfcA. 

 Heads many-flowered. Rays 5 — 10, pistillate. Involucre 

 ■with imbricate, unequal scales. Receptacle flat, chafiy. Pappus 

 none. Per. 



1. A. millefolium. Yarrow. 



stem erect, furrowed, branching above ; leaves alternate, bi-pinnately 

 divided, segments linear, toothed or lobed, mucronate; heads small, numerous, 

 in dense, flat, terminal corymbs ; rays about 5, short, white (sometimes rose- 

 color) ; involucre furrowed, oblong. A common plant, with a pungent and 

 somewhat agreeable odor; 1 ft. high ; in fields and pastures. June — Aug. 



25. LEUCANTHEMUM. 

 Heads many-flowered. Rays numerous, pistillate. Involucre 

 depressed, flattish ; scales imbricate with scarious margins. Re- 

 ceptacle naked, flat. Achenia striate. Pappus none. Per. 



1. L. vulgare. Ox-eye Daisy. 



stem erect, simple, or sparingly branched, furrowed. Leaves few and 

 rather small, cut-pinnatifid, incised at base; radical ones spatulate, petiolate ; 

 upper ones lanceolate, more or less clasping at base; heads large, solitary, on 

 long, naked, furrowed peduncles; rays white; disk yellow; involucre-scales 

 with brownish margins. A common and troublesome weed with showy heads. 

 Introdnced. July — Sep. 



26. PTE^.TimUM. 

 Heads many-flowered. Involucre hemispherical. Scales im- 

 bricate, with membraneous margins. Receptacle naked. Pap- 

 pus reduced to a membraneous border, crowning the achenia. 

 Per. 



1. P. parthenium. Feverfew. 



stem erect, branching; leaves alternate, petiolate, tri-pinnately divided; seg- 

 ments ovate, incised ; heads numerous, corymbosely arranged ; involucre pubes- 

 cent Common in cultivation, and admired for Its pure white flowei-s, which 

 last for some time ; often double. 



2T. OHRYSlNTHEMtTM. 

 Heads many-flowered. Involucre hemispherical. Scales im- 

 bricate, with membraneous margins. Receptacle naked. Pap- 

 pus none. Per. 



1. C. coronarium. Grecian Clirysanthemum. 



stem erect, smooth, branching ; leaves alternate, bi-pinnatifid, clasping, 

 acuta, broadest near the summit; heads largo, terminal, solitary. A garden an- 

 nual. Flowers double in cultivation. Aug. 



2. C. cariaatum. Three-colored Clirysanthemum. 



stem erect, 'branching ; leaves bi-pinnate, fleshy, smooth ; heads large, 

 showy ; disk purple; rays white, yellow at base, or entirely yellow ; involucre- 

 scales carinate. A garden annual. July — Oct. 



3. C. Sinense. Chinese Chrysanthemum. 



Stem erect, branching; leaves sinuate-pi nnatifid, toothed, coriaceous, glau- 

 cous, petiolate ; rays very long, and of lilac, yellow, purple and reddish brown, 

 to a pure and vivid white. A beautiful plant, cultivated in pots, and in 

 sheltered places In the open air. The varieties are almqst endless, 



2S. COREOPSIS. 

 Heads many-flowered. Rays about 8 ; neutral. Involucre 

 double. Each series 6 — 10 leaved. Receptacle flat and chaffy. 

 Achenia compressed, emarginate, 2-awned, 



1. C. tinctoria. Coreopsis. 



Smooth; stem erect, branching; radical leaves somewhat bi-pinnate, seg- 

 ments oval, entire ; cauline ones somewhat pinnate, with linear segments ; 

 heads large, numerous, brilliant; rays bright yellow, brownish purple at base; 

 achenia smooth. A beautiful garden annual,! — 8 ft. high. Very common in 

 cultivation, with eleg^pt foliage, and numerous very brilliant flowers. All 

 summer. 



29. EiDENS. 



Heads many-flowered, Rays neutral, sometimes inconspicu- 

 ous, or wanting. Involucre double. Outer series large and 



foliaccous. Receptacle chaffy, flat. Achenia compressed, O' 

 slender and 4-sided, armed with 2 — 4 rigid, persistent awn», 

 which are rough backwards. An. 



1. B. frondosa. Beggar Ticks. 



Smooth, or slightly pubescent; stem erect, tall, with spreading branches 

 leaves pinnately 3— 5-parted, segments lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, mostly 

 petiolate; leaflets of the outer involucre much longer than tho flower, ciliateat 

 base ; bends discoid ; achenia flat, cuneate-obovate, 2-awned, with rough mar- 

 gins. A common and extremely troublesome weed, in moist, cultivated grounds, 

 and waste places; the achenia when mature clinging by their awns to evory 

 thing that passes them. July — Sep. An. 



2. B. connata. Burr-Marigold. 



stem erect, with 4 furrows and opposite branches; leaves lanceolate, op- 

 posite, acuminate, sharply serrate, tapering into margined, somev/hat eonnatf 

 petioles ; lower ones often 3-parted, with the lateral segments decurrent; heads 

 solitary, discoid; outer scales of the involucre foliaceous, longer than the 

 flower; achenia flat, narrowly cuneate, with awns. A common species,! — 2 

 fc. high, in wet grounds. Aug. — Sep. An. 



3. B. cernua. Nodding Burr-Marigold. 



Mostly smooth ; stem terete, with the branches opposite ; leaves lanceolate, 

 unequally serrate, slightly connate; heads nodding, discoid, or with a lew, 

 short, yellow rays; leaflets of the outer involucre longer than the head; ache- 

 nia wedge- obovate, armed with 4 awns. A common species, 1 — 2 ft high, 

 growing in swamps and ditches. Aug.— Sept. An. 



4. B. cbrysanthemoides. Large- flowered 



Burr Marigold. 



Smooth; stem erect, or decumbent; leaves lanceolate, attenuate at each 

 end, connate at base, with regular and even serratures ; heads erect, or nodding, 

 radiate ; rays large, conspicuous, bright yellow ; leaflets of the outer involucre 

 mostly shorter than the rays; achenia cuneate with 2— 4 awns. A common 

 and sho^vy plant, growing 6' — 18', in swamps and ditches. Sept. — Oct. An. 



80. SENtCIO. 

 Heads many-flowered, either discoid, with tubular, perfect 

 flowers, or radiate, with pistillate rays. Involucre-scales mostly 

 in a siDgle row. Receptacle flat, naked. Pappus simple, capil- 

 lary, copious. Leaves alternate. 



1. S. vulgaris. Common Groundsel. 



Stem erect, branching, angular, mostly smooth ; leaves pinnatifid, toothed, 

 clasping; radical ones petiolate; heads discoid, terminal, yellow, in loose 

 corymbs, nodding. A common weed in waste grounds, 15' high, blooming tho 

 whole season. An. 



2. S. aureus. Golden Senecio. 



Mostly smooth ; stem furrowed, erect, nearly simple ; radical leaves undi- 

 vided and roundish, mostly cordate, crenate, on long petioles ; lower cauline 

 oneslyrate; upper lanceolate, pinnatifid, sessile or somewhat clasping; heads 

 large, showy, with golden-yellow rays, somewhat umbellate, in flat, terminal 

 corymbs; involucre-scales linear, acute. A very handsome and variable \Aax.% 

 10' — 20' high ; common in meadows and damp thickets. 



The most marked varieties are— 1. obovAta, radical leaves orbicular-obo- 

 vate; found in drier grounds thau the common form. 2. Balsamitse, radical 

 leaves oblong or lanceolate, tapering at base to a petiole. In rocky places. 

 May — Jane. Per. 



31. AETEMfSIA 



Heads discoid, few, or many-flowered. Flowers all tubular ; 

 marginal ones usually pistillate, sometimes perfect ; the rest per- 

 fect. Involucre-scales imbricate, dry and scarious on the mar-' 

 gins. Receptacle flat, naked, or slightly hairy. Achenia with a 

 small disk at summit. Pappus none. 



1. A. caudata. Slender-leaved Wormwood. 



Smooth ; stem straight, herbaceous ; radical and lower leaves hi- or tripin- 

 nately-parted ; upper ones pinnately-parted ; segments filiform, alternate ; heads 

 small, subglobose, pedicellate, erect, racemose, in a long, terminal panicle; outer 

 scales of the involucre ovate, inner ones oval. Stem 3—5 ft^ high. Common 

 near the sc^coast, frpm N. li. southward. Sept. Bien. 



2. A. Abrotanum. Southernwood. 



stem erect, shrubby; lower leaves bipinnately-parted ; upper ones pinnate 



