ORDER LXIV. COMPOSITiE COMPOSITE-FAMILY. 



171 



ly-parted; segments very narrowly linear, capillary ; heads numerous, small, 

 yellowish, nodding; Involacre downy, hemispherical. A common shrub, 8 — 4 

 ft high, cultivated in gardens. 



3. A. vulgaris. Mugwort. 



stem erect, with whitish -t omen tose branches; leaves whitish -tomentose be- 

 neath ; cauHne ones pinnatifid, with linear-lanceolate, entire, or incised lobes ; 

 heads few, erect, nearly sessile, purplish, racemose, forming a loose, leafy, ter- 

 minal panicle; involucre tomentose. Plant, 2—3 ft. high. Naturalized and 

 common along road-sides and in waste places in N. and E. N". Eng. July— Aug. 

 Per. 



4. A. Absinthium. Wormwood. 



stem erect, furrowed, yery branching, somewhat shrubby, covered with 

 white, silky down ; leaves bi- or trlpinnately-parted, clothed with whitish, soft 

 down; segments lanceolate, obtuse, often incised; heads very numerous, yel- 

 low'ish, nodding, racemose on the branches, forming a large, leafy panicle. An 

 herb, distinguished by its bitter and aromatic smell and taste, often cultivated 

 In gardens, and frequently naturalized along road-sides. Stem 1—3 ft high. 

 Aug. Per. 



82. TANACfeTUM. 



Heads many-fiowcred, nearly discoid; marginal ones pistil- 

 late, 3 — 5-toothed. Involucre heniisplierical, with minute, imbri- 

 cated scales. ■ Receptacle convex, naked. Achenia with a large 

 flat top. Pappus forming a short, membranaceous crown. Per. 



1. T. vulgare. Tansy. 



stem erect, furrowed, branching above, smooth ; leaves bipinnately -parted ; 

 segments incised ; heads yellow, in flat, terminal corymbs ; pappus 5-lobed. 

 A common naturalized plant, growing in bunches in old fields and along road- 

 sides. Stem 2 — 3 feet high. The plant has a strong, rather agreeable, aromatic 

 smell and a very bitter taste. "What is called double tansy, is merely a variety 

 with more extensively cut and crisped leaves. Aiig. 



83. GNAPHALIUM. 



Heads many-flowered, discoid; outer flowers pistillate and 

 slender ; central ones perfect. Involucre-scales imbricate, scari- 

 ous, white or colored. Receptacle flat, naked. Pappus simple, 

 rough, capillary 



1. Gr. polycephalum. Life Everlasting. 



Stem erect, branching, covered with cottony down; leaves linear-lanceolate, 

 tapering at base, sessile, white-downy beneath, nearly smooth above ; heads in 

 dense clusters at the summit of the branches, paniculately corymbose, fragrant ; 

 involucre-scales ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, whitish ; flowers yellowish. 

 A commrn plant, in fields and old pastures, distinguished by its fragrance. 

 Stem 1—2 ft high. Aitg.—Sept. Per. 



2. Gr. deciirrens. Decurrent Life Uverlasting. 



stem erect, stout, branched above, viscidly pubescent, with white-downy, 

 spreading branches; leaves linear-lanceolate, very acute, decnrrent, naked 

 above, woolly beneath; heads in dense, terminal, corymbose clusters; invo- 

 lucre-scales oval, acutish. A stout species, 1 — 2 ft high, in hilly pastures, dis- 

 tinguished by its decurrent leaves and want of fragrance. Not uncommon. 

 Aug. — Sept. Per. 



3. Gr. uliginosum. Cud-weed. 



Woolly; stem low, diffusely branched; leaves lanceolate or linear; heads 

 small, in sessile, terminal, crowded, leafy clusters ; involucre-scales oblong, yel- 

 lowish. A low and spreading species, 3' — 6' high, very common in low grounds 

 and along road-sides. Aug.— Sept. An. 



84. ANTENNlEIA. 



Heads many-flowered, dioecious ; pistillate heads with filifonn 

 corollas. Involucre-scales imbricate, scarious, white or colored. 

 Receptacle more or less convex, not chaffy. Pappus simple, 

 bristly ; that of the fertile flowers capillary, that of the sterile 

 flowers thickened at summit I^er. 



1. A. margaritacea. Pearl Everlasting. 



stem erect, leafy, white-downy, corymbose above; leaves linear-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, sessile, covered with white down, 8-veined; heads in a terminal, 

 flat corymb; involucre-scales elliptic, obtuse, pearly- white; fiowers yellowish. 

 A common plant, in fields and pastures, covered with whitish down, and espe- 

 cially remarkable for the unfading, pearly scales of the involucre. Stem 1—2 

 ft, high. Atiff. 



2. A. plantaginifolia. Mouse-ear Everlasting. 



Stoloniferous; stem simple, downy ; leaves white and silky when young, at 

 length green above and hoary beneath ; radical ones obovato, or spatulate, on 

 short petioles; cauline smaller, lanceolate, appressed to the scape-like stem; 

 heads small, aggregate in a dense, terminal corymb ; involucre-scales mostly 

 white ; outer ones more or less obtuse. A very common, early-flowering plant, 

 3'— 6' high, in old flelds and pastures, where it propagates by means of procum- 

 bent shoots or stolons. April — July. 



85. EEfiCHTltES. 



Heads discoid, many-flowered ; flowers tubular ; those of the 

 margin pistillate, those of the centre perfect. Involucre cylin- 

 drical, with liDcar, acute scales, ia a single row. Receptacle 

 naked. Pappus abundant, of very soft, capillary bristles. An. 



1. E. hieracif61ia. Fire-weed. 



stem thick, fleshy, paniculately branching above; leaves alternate, oblong 

 or lanceolate, sea-ifile and often clasping, unequally and sharply incised ; heads 

 whitish, crowded ; involucre smooth. A common, coarse weed, in fields, and 

 especially in newly cleared grounds. Stem 2 — 4 ft. high. Aug.—Sept 



86. XANTHIUM. 



Sterile and fertile flowers in different heads upon the same 

 plant. Sterile involucre imbricate, with several funnel-form 

 staminate flowers; receptacle chaffy. Fertile involucre closed, 

 2-leaved, covered with hooked prickles, 2-flowered. An. 



1. X. Strumarium. Clot-weed. 



stem erect, unarmed, branching; leaves cordate, 8 — 5-lobed, dentate, rough ; 

 fruit oval, subpubescent, with 2 straight beaks. A coarse plant, witb large and 

 very rough leaves, not uncommon in fields and waste places. Introduced. 

 Stem 2^ ft high. Aug.—Sept. 



37. AMBR6S1A. 

 Sterile and fertile flowers in different heads upon the same 

 plant. Sterile involucre hemispherical, composed of united 

 scales. Staminate flowers 5 or more, funnel-form. Fertile invo- 

 lucre 1-leaved, closed, 1-flowered. An. 



1 . A. trifida. Great Ragweed. 



Hairy, rough ; stem tall, square, stout, usually branching ; leaves large, op- 

 posite, usually 8-lobed, sometimes ovate or oval, acuminate, serrate ; sterile 

 flowers in long, naked, axillary, or terminal racemes; fertile fiowers sessile be- 

 low, in the axils of the upper leaves, each with a 6-ribbed involucre, terminat- 

 ing In 6 tubercles. A tall, rank, herbaceous plant, usually with very large 

 leaves, found in low grounds along the Connecticut, and thence westward 

 and southward. Stem 4r— 12 1\, high. Aug, 



2. A. artemisiaefolia. Boman Wormwood. 



stem erect, slender, branching, more or less hairy; leaves bipinnatifid, 

 nearly smooth above, more or less hoary beneath ; lower ones opposite, upper 

 ones alternate ; sterile racemes naked, terminal, loosely panicled ; fertile fiow- 

 ers sessile in the axils of the upper leaves. A very common, homely and ex- 

 ceedingly troublesome weed, in cultivated grounds. Stem 2 — i. ft high. Aug. 

 —Sept. 



88. tVA. 

 Heads discoid ; marginal flowers 1 — 5, pistillate, with a tu- 

 bular corolla ; the rest staminate, with a funnel-form 5-toothed 

 corolla. Involucre-scales few, mostly in 1 row. Receptacle 

 hairy. Achenia obovoid, obtuse. Pappus none. 



1. L frutescens. 



Marsh Elder. 

 Shrub. 



Hightvater 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem shrubby, with opposite branches ; leaves oval 

 or lanceolate, coarsely serrate, with 3 prominent veins, petiolate, the lower one« 

 opposite, the upper alternate, narrow ; heads greenish-white, on short, recurved 

 pedicels, in long, axillary racemes, arranged in a long, leafy, terminal panicle, 

 A common, fleshy, and shrubby plant, 8 — 6 ft bigb, growing along the sea- 

 shore, and on the borders of salt marshes, just above highwater mark. Aug. 



39. CALENDULA. 

 Heads many-flowered, radiate. Involucre-scales many, equal, 

 in about 2 rows. Receptacle naked. Achenia of the diak naked 

 Pappus none. An. 



