OKDER LXXr. PEIMULACE^ PRIMKOSE-TKIBE. OEDER LXXIU. PLUMBAaiNACE^ THEIFl'-FAMTLT. 177 



nmbelleil ; pedicels l-flowered ; berries roundish, scarlet, persistent through the 

 winter. A shrub with very variable foliage, 4—8 ft high,- common in swamps 

 and low grounds. June. 



Order LXXL 



Primulaceae.- 

 tribe. 



-Priinrose- 



8TNOP8IS OF THE GENEEA. 



1. Primula. Flowers umbelled. Leaves radical. 



2. Trientalis. Corolla rotate, 6— y, usually 7-parted, Cauline leavesin a 

 Bingle whorl. 



S. LysiMAOHiA. Corolla yellow, rotate, S-parted. 



4. Samolus. Corolla campanulate, white. Leaves alternate. 



1. PRfMULA. 



Calyx tubular, 6-cleft. Corolla salver-form, Bpreading above, 

 6-lobed. Stamens 5, included. Stigma globose. Capsule open- 

 ing by 10-elefts at apex. Per. 



1. P. auricula. Auricula. 



Leaves obovate, fleshy, entire or serrate ; scape many-flowered, as long as 

 the leaves ; flowers showy and fragrant, in an involucrate umbel, in cultivation 

 varying to almost all possible hues ; involucre-leaves short; calyx mealy. A 

 well-known flower, long an especial favorite of the florists, of which number- 

 less varieties are cultivated. Maij. 



2. P. elatior. OxUp Primrose. 



Leaves toothed, rugose, hairy on both sides ; umbel many-flowered ; outer 

 flowers nodding; flowers yellow, scentless; corolla flat, A British species, not 

 uncommon in cultivation. April— May. 



3. P. veris. English Cowslip. 



Leaves toothed, rugose, hairy beneath ; umbels many-flowered ; flowers all 

 nodding, yellow ; calyx angular ; corolla concave. The plant has a strong smell 

 of anise. 



4. P. vulgaris. Common Primrose. 



Leaves obovate, or oblong, rugose, villous beneath, toothed ; umbel radical; 

 lHo pedicels rising directly from the root, as long as the leaves ; flowers in a wild 

 state, yellow and single, but in cultivation passing into numerous other colors, 

 often double, and sometimes on a scape. The plant smells of anise. Common 

 in cultivation. April. 



2. TRllSNTALIS. 



Calyx mostly 7-parted. Corolla mostly 7-papted, flat, -with- 

 out any tube. Stamens mostly 7. Filaments united in a ring at 

 base. Capsule many-seeded. Per. 



1. T. Americclna. Chick Wintergreen. 



stem low, simple, slender, crowned by a whorl of leaves at top, naked he- 

 low ; leaves 5—8 in a whorl, narrow-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, serrulate, 

 thin and delicate, ligiit green ; flowers few, on very slender peduncles, pro- 

 jecting from among the leaves, white and starlike ; sepals Hnear, acuminate, 

 shorter than the Segments of the corolla A very slender and delicate plant, 

 common in damp rich woods. Stem 6'— 10' high. Ifay. 



3. LTSIMACHIA. 



Calyx 5-parted, Corolla 5-parted, rotate, with a very short 

 tube. Limb 5-parted, spreading. Stamens 5, often united in a 

 ring at base. Capsule globose, 5 — 10-valved, opening a1> apes. 

 Per. 



1. L. stricta. Upright Loosestrife. 



stem erect, simple or branching; leaves opposite, or in threes, lanceolate, 

 tapering at both ends, smooth, punctate, sessile ; flowers numerous, on slender 

 pedicels, whorled, the numerous whorls forming a long, cylindrical raceme; 

 pedicels nearly horizontal, with a subulate bract at base ; corolla yellow, spotted 

 with purple; capsule 5-seeded. An elegant plant, 1—2 ft. high, in swamps and 

 wet grounds. After flowering, bulblets appear in the axiia Common. JiUy. 



2. L. ciliata. Fringed Loosestrife. 



stem nearly square, erect, branching; leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, oppo- 

 site, rarely in fours, rounded or cordate at base, with ciliate petioles ; flowers 

 lar^e, light yellow, nodding, on slender, axillary peduncles ; stamens inserted in 

 B ring, distinct, alternating with 5 sterile filaments. A rather elegant species, 2 

 —8 it hieh, common in low grounds. July. 



23 



3. L. lanceoUta. Narrow-leafved Loosestrife, 



stem erect, branching, 4-angled ; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, ta- 

 pering at both ends, opposite, on short, ciliate petioles; flowers large, yellow, 

 nodding, on slender, axillary peduncles; stamens united in a ring, alternating 

 with 5 sterile fllaments. A smaller and more slender plant than the last, 1—2 

 ft. high, distinguislied from the last by its narrow leaves, acute at both ends. 

 Common in swamps. July. 



4. L. quadrifolia. Four-leaved Loosestrife. 



Stem erect, simple, somewhat hairy ; leaves whorled in foars, rarely in throes 

 or sixes, lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, dotted; flowers nodding, yelltnv, on 

 slender, axillary peduncles, shorter than the leaves; corolla marked with purple 

 lines; fllaments united at base; anthers short A common species, in sandy 

 soils. Stem 10' — 18' high. June. 



4. SAMOLUS. 

 Calyx partly adherent to the ovary, 5-eleft. Corolla some- 

 ■what campanulate, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, alternating with 5 sterile 

 filaments. Capsule opening by 5 valves at top, many-seeded. 

 Per. 



1. S. floribiindus. Water Pimpernel. 



stem branching, leafy; leaves entire, obtuse, alternate; radical ones obo- 

 vate, or spatulate, petiolate ; cauline oblong or oval ; uppermost subsessile ; 

 flowers in numerous, loose raceme?, paniculately arranged, white ; iiedicela ca- 

 pillary, with minute bracts near the middle ; calyx-teeth ovate, shorter than the 

 corolla, A low, smooth shrub, 6' — 12' high, not uncommon in low gi-ounds. 

 June — Sept, 



Order LXXII. Plantaginacese. — Plantain- 

 family. 



1. PLANtAGO. 



Calyx-teeth 4, persistent, dry and scarious on the margin. 

 Corolla tubular, -withering, with a 4-eleft, reflexed border. Sta- 

 mens mostly exsert and very long. Capsule an ovoid, 2-celled 

 pyxis, Acaulescent. 



1. P. major. Common Plantain. 



Leaves large, ovate, tapering abruptly at base, scarcely toothed, very strong- 

 ly ribbed, with stout, nearly parallel veins, on long, channelled, fleshy petioles; 

 spike long, cylindrical ; flowers densely imbricated, whitish, inconspicuous. A 

 very common plant, about paths and houses, in damp soil. Scapes 8' — 2 ft, 

 high. June—Sept. 



2. P. lanceolata. Rihivort. 



Leaves lanceolate, strongly 3— 5-nerved, nearly entire, tapering at both ends, 

 more or less hairy on the petioles and veins; petioles alendar; scape slender, 

 angular, more or less pubescent ; spike ovate, densely flowered ; stamens whit- 

 ish, much exsert, with dark anthers. A smaller and more slender species than 

 the last, with scapes 6'— 20' high. Common in dry, grassy flelda. May— Oct. 



3. P. maritima. Sea Plantain. 



Mostly smooth ; leaves linear, fleshy, channelled above, rounded in the lower 

 side, nearly entire ; scape terete; flowers whitish, in dense, cylindrical spikes, 

 sometimes scattered below. A very fleshy species, common in salt marshes 

 near the coast, and is distinguished by its numerous half-terete, channelled 

 leaves. Scapes 4'— 6' high. July— Aug. 



Order LXXIIL Plumbaginacese. — Thrift- 

 family. 

 1. stAtice. 



Flowers scattered, or loosely spicate in a compound corymb, 

 1-sided, 2 — 3-bracted. Calyx funnel-form, dry and membranous, 

 persistent. Petals 5, mostly distinct, with long claws. Stamens 

 6, attached at base. Styles 5, distinct. Fruit indehiseent, in- 

 vested with the calyx. Per. 



1. S. Limonium. Marsh Rosemary. 



Le-aves radical, lanceolate, or oblong-obovate, 1-veined, entire, mucronate 

 below the tip, thick and fleshy, dull green, on long petioles ; scape with wither- 



