180 



OKDER LXXIX. VERBENAOE^ VERVAIN-FAMILY. 



Bprsading pedicels twice looger than tlje bracts ; corolla pale blue, marked with 

 brownish lines ; capsule turgid, emai-ginate, A low, fleshy plant, 6' — 12' high, 

 not uncommon in wet grounds. Jane — Aug. Per, 



3. Y. scutellata. Marsh Speedwell 



Smooth; stem ascending, weak; leaves linear, sessile, acute, remotely den- 

 ticulate ; racemes axillary, very loose and slender, with a few remote, scattered 

 flowers, on filiform, divaricate pedicels, very much longer than the bracts ; co- 

 rolla rather large, pale flesh-color, with purple lines; capsule flat, very broad 

 for itb length, emarglnate. A slender species, 6'— 12' high, common in swamps. 

 Jitne — Aug. Per. 



4. Y. serpyllif(!)lia. 



Common Speedivell. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem low, prostrate, much branched at base, with 

 ascending, simple branches; leaves ovate or oblong, somewhat crenate, obtnse; 

 lowest roundish, petiolate : upper sessile, passing into lanceolate, entire bracts ; 

 flowers in loose, bracted, terminal racemes, elongated in fruit; corolla blue 

 and white, marked with purple lines, scarcely longer than the calyx; capsule 

 broader than long, obtusely emarglnate. A pretty little plant, 2'— 6' high, very 

 common in grassy fields and pastures. May~S&p. An. 



5. Y. peregrina. Purslane Speedwell. 



Nearly smooth; stem ascending, branched ; lowest leaves petiolate, oval- 

 oblong, dentate, obtnse ; upper sessile, oblong, obtuse: uppermost oblong-linear, 

 entire, longer than the subsessile, solitary, axillary flowers ; corolla whitLsh ; cap- 

 sule orbicular, slightly emarglnate. A weed, 4'— 10' high, common in culti- 

 vated grounds. May — June. An. 



6. Y. arvensia. Field Speedwell. 



Pubescent; stem erect, simple, or diffusely branched ; leaves ovate, crenate, 

 cordate at base ; lower petiolate; upper ones mostly alternate, sessile, lanceo- 

 late; flowers solitary, axillary, on pedicels shorter than the calyx, blue, marked 

 with purple lines; capsule obcordate, with rounded lobes. A low, pale-green, 

 hairy plant, S' — 8' high, common in dry fields. May — June. An. 

 11. GEKAEDIA. 

 Calyx 6-parted. Corolla tubular, s-welling above, "with 6, 

 spreading, more or less unequal lobes; Supper ones usually the 

 smallest. Stamens 4, included, hairy. Style elongated. Capsule 

 ovate, acuminate, many-seeded. 



* Flowers purple or rose-color. Lea'oes linear. An. 



1. G-. purpurea. Purple Gerardia. 



Smooth ; stem erect, angular, with long spreading branches ; leaves linear, 

 acute, rough on the margin; flowers axillary, solitary, subsessile; peduncles 

 shorter than the calyx; calyx-teeth subulate; corolla bright purple, showy, 

 smooth or slightly downy. A slender, very handsome plant, 8' — 20' high, com- 

 mon in wet grassy grounds. Aug. 



2. G. maritima. Sea Gerardia* 



Smooth and somewbat fleshy; stem low, angular, branched from the base; 

 leaves linear, short, fleshy, mostly obtuse ; peduncles as long as the calyx ; flow- 

 ers balf the size of the last; calyx-teeth short, truncate ; corolla purple. A 

 smoother species than the last, which it much resembles, distinguished by the 

 thick, fleshy leaves and truncate calyx-teeth. Stem 3' — 6' high. Salt marshes. 

 July — Sep.. 



3. Gr. tenuifolia. Slender Gerardia. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem very slender, very branching, diffuse ; leaves 

 linear, very narrow, entire, obtuse ; flowers rather small, axillary, often opposite ; 

 peduncles filiform, nearly as long as the leaves; calyx-teeth short, acute ; co- 

 rolla pale purple, with a spreading, subequal border. A delicate and elegant 

 species, usually very branching, but sometimes sfmple. Stem 6' — 15' high, 

 Common in dry, rocky woods. Aicg. — Sep. 



* * Corolla yellow. Leaves "broad, entire, or variously/ lobed and toothed. 

 Per. 



4. G. fl^va. Yellow Gerardia. 



Pubescent; stem erect, simple, or branching towards the summit; leaves 

 opposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, entire, obtuse; lower ones usually 

 sinuately toothed; flowers large, opposite, axillary, on very short peduncle; 

 calyx-segments oblong, obtuse, shorter than the tube. A tall, very showy 

 plant, 2—3 ft. high. Common in dry woods. The flowers are 1'— IJ' long. 

 Aug. 



5. Gr. quercifolia. Oak-leaved Gerardia. 



Smooth and glaucous ; stem tall, simple or somewhat branching 



mostly opposite ; lower ones twice pinnatifld ; upper oblong-lanceoiate, pinna 

 tifld or entire; flowers pedunculate, axillary, opposite, of a brilliant yellow 

 large and showy ; peduncles nearly as long as the calyx ; segments of the calya 

 linear-lanceolate, equalling the tube. A showy plant, much resembling the last 

 4—6 ft. high. Common in rich woods. Aug. 



6. G. peclicularia. Bushy Gerardia. 



Pubescent or somewhat smooth ; stem erect, very branching; branches op- 

 posite ; leaves opposite, ovate, pinnatifld ; the lobes variously cut and toothed 

 petioles short, hairy ; flowers large, yellow, often opposite, axillary, on pedicels 

 longer than the calyx; segments of the calyx usually toothed, as long as the 

 hairy tube ; corolla 1' long, with rounded, spreading segments. A bushy, but 

 truly splendid species, 3 — 4 ft, high. Common in dry woods and thickets. 

 Aug. 



12. CASTILLi^JA 



Calyx tubular, flattened, 2 — 4-cleft, included in more or lesf 

 colored bracts. Corolla-tube included in the calyx ; upper lij 

 long and narrow, arched, compressed, inclosing the stamens 

 lower lip short, 3-lobed, Stamens 4. Anthers oblong-linear, 2 

 lobed, with unequal lobes ; the exterior lobe fixed by the middle 

 the interior pendulous. Capsule many-seeded. Per. 



1. C. coccinea. Painted Gup. 



Pubescent; stem erect, angular, simple ; leaves alternate, sessile, pinnatifld, 

 with linear and divaricate segments ; radical ones clustered at base ; bracts 3- 

 cleft, colored with bright scarlet at apex, rarely yellow, longer than the co- 

 rolla; flowers subsessile, in short, dense, terminal spikes; calyx and corolla 

 greenish -yellow, the former tinged with scarlet at tip. A beautiful and remark- 

 able plant, distinguished by its dense spikes of inconspicuous flowers, concealed 

 in brilliant scarlet bracts. Stem 10' — 20' high. Not uncommon in meadows. 

 May — June. 



13. PEDICULAEIS. 



Calyx campanulate or tubular, 2 — 5-cleft ; the segments leafy, 

 or sometimes obliquely truncate. Corolla strongly bilabiate; up- 

 per lip arched, compressed, emarglnate ; lower lip spreading, 3- 

 lobed. Stamens 4, included in the upper lip. Capsule oblique, 

 mucronate. Per. 



1. P. Canadensis. Lousewort. 



Pubescent ; stems low, erect, simple, clustered ; leaves petiolate, alternate ; 

 lo%vost pinnately dissected; the rest subpinnatifid ; lobes oblong-ovate, crenately 

 toothed; flowers in short, dense, hairy, terminal beads; calyx 2-toothetl, or 

 truncatad, in an oblique, downward direction ; corolla greenish-yellow, or dull 

 red; upper lip vaulted, forming a helmet or galea, terminating in 2 setaceous 

 teeth, turned downwards; capsule compressed, long- acuminate. A low, hairy 

 plant, 6' — 15' high. Common in flelds and pastures. May — July. 



14. MELAMPYRUiM. 

 Calyx companulate, 4-cleft ; the lobes with long, bristlj- 

 points. Corolla-tube cylindrical, larger above ; upper lip arch- 

 ing, compressed, somewhat shorter than the nearly erect, 3-lobed 

 lower lip. Stamens 4, included in the upper lip. Capsule usually 

 4-seeded, oblique, compressed. An. 



1. M. pratense. Cow-wheat 



Smooth; stem erect, branching; leaves opposite, lanceolate, or linear, petio- 

 late ; upper ones larger, with a few long, setaceous teeth, tapering to an obtuse 

 point at the extremity; flowers sohtary in the axils of the upper leaves, re- 

 mote ; calyx smooth ; corolla yellowish, twice the length of the calyx, A slen- 

 der annual, 6'— 10' high, common In dry and open woods. July^Aug. 



Order LXXIX. Verbenacese.' — Vervain- 

 faonily. 



1. TERBiiNA. 



Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, often with 1 tooth shorter than the 

 rest. CoroUa funnel-form, sometimes curved; limb with 5 

 slightly unec[nal lobes. Stamens 4, rarely 2, included. StyU 

 slender. Stigma capitate. Fruit splitting into 4 achenia. 



1. Y. liastata. Blue Vervain. 



Stem tall, erect, with a. few opposite branches above ; leaves lanceolate, 

 shai-plj serrate, scabrous, petiolate ; the lower ones often lobed or hastate; 

 flowers sessile, in dense, slender, erect spikes, jisnally arranged iu terminal 



