190 OKDER XCn. AJRISTOLOCHIACEiE BIETHWOKT-FAH. OEDER XCH^ CHENOPODIACE^ GOOSEFOOT-TKIBE. 



2. F. pubescens. Bed Ash. 



Leaflets T— 9, petiolate, lanceolate or lance-OYate, acuminate, soft-downy be- 

 neath, as well as the petioles nnd young shoots; calyx present; corolla want- 

 ing; Inflorescence as in the last; samara rather more broaclly spatulate than in 

 the last, obtuse, usually abruptly tapering at base. A common tree in 

 Southern N. Eng. and New York, distinguished from the last by its downy 

 branchlets and the deep brown color of the older bark. April — May, 



3. E. sambucifolia. Black Ash. 



Leaflets 7 — 11, sessile, ovate-lanceolate or oyal-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, 

 more or less hairy on the veins beneath, obliquely obtuse at base; calyx and 

 corolla both wanting; samara oblong, extremely obtuse at both ends. A tall, 

 Blender tree, with darker-colored bark than the first, and very tough and elastic 

 wood. The buds are of a deep blue color. This Ash is most common in the 

 extreme Northern parts of the U. S., where it is abundant in moist woods and 

 swamps. May. 



SECTION III.— ap:6tal^. 



Ordek XCII. Aristolochiacese. — Birthioort- 



family. 



1. ASAKUM. 

 Calyx canipanulate ; limb 3-cleft ; tube adherent to the ovary. 

 Stamens 12, inserted on the ovary. Anthers short, fixed to the 

 middle of the filaments. Style ' very short. Stigma 6-rayed. 

 Fruit globular, fleshy, 6-ceUed, cro-wned "with the calyx. Per. 



1. A. Canadense. Wild Ginger. 



Pubescent, stemless; leaves 2, broad-re ni form, large, on long, hairy petioles, 

 soft-downy; flowers solitary, large, nodding, on a downy pedicel proceeding 

 from between the 2 petioles, pressed close to the ground, sometimes just beneath 

 the surface ; calyx woolly; segments reflexed from the middle, brownish-pur- 

 ple within. A curious plant, common in some districts, in rich woods. The 

 rootstock is very aromatic. July. 



Order XCIII. Phytolaccacese. — Poke-tribe. 



1. PHYTOLACCA. 

 Calyx of 6 petaloid sepals. Stamens 5 — 30. Styles 5 — 12. 

 Ovary composed or 5 — 12 united carpels, forming a 5 — 12-celled, 

 half-globular berry. Cells 1-seeded. 



1. P. decandra. Boke-weed. 



Smooth; stem tall, terete, branching, changing at length to deep purple ; 

 leaves large, ovate, acute at both ends, petiolate, entire ; flowers greenish-white, 

 in long, cylindi-ical racemes, at first terminal, but at length opposite the leaves ; 

 stamens 10 ; styles 10 ; fruit globose, depressed, dark purple, juicy. A tall, 

 stout, poisonous plant, 6—8 ft. high, rising from a very large, branching, poi- 

 sonous root. July — Sep. 



Order XCIV. 



Clienopodiacese. — Goosefoot- 

 trihe. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 



* Flo^vers all perfect. 



1. 9alic6rnia. Stamens 1 — 2. Flowers in Ss. Leafless succulent plants. 



2. Sals6la. Calyx at length with a horizontal wing on the back, forming a 

 border. Prickly, succulent plants, with subulate leaves. 



3. Su^^DA. Calyx never winged on the back, succulent, inclosing the fruit 

 when mature. Fleshy plants, with linear leaves. 



4. Cuenop6dium:. Calyx 5-parted, neither winged nor succulent in fruit. 

 Seeds lenticular, depressed. Leafy. Weeds. 



5. Beta. Calyx 5-parted, fleshy, and inclosing the reniform seed when ma- 

 ture. Koot large and fleshy. 



* * Flowers dioecious or polyg-anious. 



6. Bpinacia. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of the fertile flowers 2 — i-cleft. 

 Styles capillary. 



7. AoNiDA. FIowei-3 dio3cious. Calyx of the fertile flowers 3-parted. Stig- 

 mas 3-7-5, sessile, linear, revolute. 



8. Ateiplex. Flowers monoecious and polygamous. Pistillate flowers des- 

 titute of a calyx. Styles 2, partly united. 



1. SALIC6RNIA. 



Flowers perfect, 3 together. Calyx small, turbinate, closed ; 



margin toothed or incised. Stamens 1 — 2. Style 1. Utricle in 

 closed in the calyx, 1-seeded. Leafless, 



1. S. herbacea. Samjphire. 



stem erect or ascending, branching ; branches opposite, jointed, fleshy, green, 

 terminating in spikes ; joints thickened upward ; flowers small, sessile at the 

 joints of the stem, bearing branches, and forming a sort of spike. A leafless, 

 fleshy, branching plant, growing 6' — 12' high in salt marshes, along the coast and 



near salt springs. Aug. An. 



2. SALS6LA. 



Flowers perfect, with 2 bracts at base. Calyx 6-parted, per- 

 sistent; segments horizontally winged on the back, inclosing the 

 depressed fruit at base, and crowning it with a broad, circular, 

 scarious border. Stamens mostly 5. Styles 2. Seeds horizontal. 

 Embryo spiral. 



1. S. Kali. Saltwort. 



stem decumbent, diffnsely branching, herbaceous ; leaves alternate, subulate, 

 sessile, channelled, terminating in a sharp prickle ; flowers single, green, succu- 

 lent, sessile, bracted at base ; calyx-lobes converging, and forming a sort of beak 

 to the inclosed utricle. A very prickly, busby, spreading plant, common on 

 sandy shores. Stem 1—2 ft. high. Aug. An. 



8. suJ:da. 

 Flowers perfect. Calyic urceolate, 5-parted ; segments at 

 length succulent and inclosing the depressed fruit. Stamens 5. 

 Style 1. Stigmas 2 — 0. Embryo spiral. An. 



1. S. maritima. Sea Goosefoot. 



Smooth; stem mostly erect, branching; leaves sessile, linear or subulate, 

 fleshy, semi-cylindrical, somewhat acute ; flowers 2 — 3 together, in sessile, axil- 

 lary clusters, greenish ; bractlets minute; calyx inflated in fruit; utricle thin 

 and almost transparent, containing a black, shining seed. A weed of the salt 

 marshes. Stem 1 — 2 ft. high. Aitg. 



4, CHEN0P6DIUM. 

 Flowers perfect, bractless. Calyx 5-parted, at length dry, par- 

 tially enveloping the fruit. Stamens 5. Styles 2. Utricle mem- 

 branaceous. Seed lenticular. An. 



1. C. album. 



Bigweed. 



Smooth; stem erect, branching; leaves rhomboid- ovate, coarsely toothed, 



entire at base, pale green, petiolate, white and mealy beneath; uppermost en- 

 tire; flowers greenish, mealy, sessile, in irregular spikes, forming large, termi- 

 nal panicles. A very common and homely weed, 2 — 5 ft. high, in waste grounds. 

 Jtdy — iSep. An. 



2. C. hybridum. 



Tall Bigweed. 



Smooth ; stem erect, slender, very branching ; leaves ovate, cordate at base, 

 acuminate, angular, with a few large, remote teeth, light green on both sides; 

 flowers greenish, sessile, in divaricate racemes, which are loosely arranged in a 

 terminal, leafless panicle. The flowers have a very unpleasant odor. A com- 

 mon weed in waste grounds. Stem 2 — 3 ft. high. Jitly — Aug. 



3. C. Botrys. Oak of Jerusalem. 



Viscid-pubescent; stem exceedingly branching; leaves oblong, obtuse, sinu- 

 ate ; upper ones spatulate-lanceolate ; flowers green, numerous, fragrant, in short, 

 leafless racemes, arranged In large, terminal and lateral panicles, of which t-tw 

 terminal is much the tallest A fragrant species sometimes cultivated, growing 

 in dry fields and along road-sides. Stem 1 — 3 ft. high. July — Aug. 

 5. BilTA. 

 Flowers perfect. Calyx of 5 sepals. Stamens 5. Styles 2, 

 very short, erect. Stigmas acute. Seeds reniform, inclosed in 

 the fleshy calyx. Bien. 



1, B. vulgaris. Common Beet. 



stem erect, branching, furrowed; leaves alternate, nearly entire ; lower ones 

 ovate, upper narrower; flowers green, in dense, axillary, sessile clusters, arrang- 

 ed in spikes, forming terminal^anicles ; root flesliy. The common beet is cul- 

 tivated every where for culinary purposes. The roots are of various shades of 

 red, yellow and white. -4wfir. 



6. SPINACIA. 



Flowers dioecious. Barren flowers — calyx 5-cleft; stamens 5. 

 Fertile flowers — calyx 2 — 4-cleft. Styles 4, capillary. Utricle 

 contained in the hardened and sometimes spiny calyx. An. 



