OEDEE CXXXn. LILIACii^ — LILY-TEIBE. 



207 



4. A. Cepa. Onion. 



Scape stout, boUow, swelling below the middle, glaucous ; leaves round, hol- 

 low, swelling below the mlddlo, glaucous, shorter than the scape ; umbel glo- 

 bose, raany-Dowerod ; flowers greenish-white. Universally cultivated for its 

 bulb, whoso value as an esculent vegetable is well known. Scape 8—4 ft. high, 

 appearing the second year from the seed. Jul;/. 



6. A. sativum. Garlic. 



Bulb compound, consisting of several smaller ones united, and included in 

 one covering membrane ; stem leafy, bulbiferous ; leaves linear; flowers small, 

 white ; stamens 3-eleft A species sometimes cultivated for its acrid and strongly- 

 flavored bulbs, which are used as a seasoning. Scape 2 ft. high. Jul;/. 



6. A. porrum. Leek. 



stem compressed, leafy; leaves long, alternate, linear, sheathing at base; 

 umbel largo, many-flowered ; flowers small, white ; stamens 3-cIeft. Often 

 cultivated. The root is a cylindrical, scaly bulb. Stem 2 ft. bigh. July. 



7. A. sohaenoprdsum. Give. 

 Scape leafy only at base ; leaves round-subulate, in dense tufts, equalling tho 



scape; umbeh densely flowered ; flowers purplish. A small species, often cul- 

 tivated, and distinguished by its very slender leaves and scapes, June. 



8. 0RNITH6GALUM. 

 Perianth leafy, 6-parted ; segments spreading above the mid- 

 dle. Filaments 6, dilated at base. Stigma 3-angled. Capsule 

 roundish, angled. Seeds roundish. 



1. 0, umbellatum. Star of Bethlehem. 



Scape naked ; leaves narrow-linear, channelled, as long as the scape ; flowers 

 few, loosely corymbose, pedicellate, bracted ; sepals white, marked with a green 

 stripe on tlic outside. A low and rather pretty plant, often cultivated, and 

 sometimes naturalized in meadows along the coast. Scape 5' — 8' high. May. 



9. HTAClNTHUS. 

 Perianth varying from funnel-form to eampanulate, subglobose ; 

 segments 6, similar. Stamens 6, inserted near the middle of the 

 segments. Ovary with 3 honey-bearing pores at summit. Cells 

 of the capsule 1 — 3-seeded. 



1. H. orientalis. Hyacinth. 



Scape naked ; leaves linear-lanceolate, half as long as the scape ; flowers in a 

 dense, terminal and somewhat thyrsoid raceme ; perianth funnel-form, cleft to 

 the middle, swelling at base. A splendid bulb, long cultivated and admired. 

 Scape 6' — 12' high. Flowers usually purple, varying to pink, white, blue, and 

 all very fragrant April— May. 



10 OONVALLlEIA. 

 Flowers racemed. Perianth eampanulate, 6-parted ; segments 

 spreading, united at base. Stamens 6, at the base of the seg- 

 ments. Berry globose, 2-oelled. 



1. C. majalis. Lily of the Valley. 



Scape smooth, naked, semi-eylindric ; leaves usually '2, situated near the 

 base of the scape, ovate or elliptic-ovate; flowers white, fragrant, in a simple, 

 loose, 1-sided raceme. A delicate, sweet-scented little plant, native of tho 

 South, and often cultivated in gardens. Scape 5'— 6' higli. May. 



11. CLINT6NIA 

 Flowers umbellate. Perianth eampanulate. Sepals 6, dis- 

 tinct, deciduous. Stamens 6, inserted at the base. Style long, 

 filiform, columnar. Stigma semicircular, depressed. Ovary 2- 

 celled. Berry ovoid, several-seeded. 



1. C. borealis. Wild Lily of the Valley. 



Ehizoma slender, creeping ; scape naked, 2— 4-Ieaved at base ; leaves large, 

 oval or oblong, petiolato, smooth and shining, ciliate with scattered hairs ; flow- 

 ers few, rarely single, greenish-yellow, nodding, in a terminal umbel ; perianth 

 somewhat pubescent outside : berries blue. An elegant liliaceous plant, com- 

 mon in damp woods, especially in northern districts. Scape 8'— 12' high; loaves 

 8' long. June. ^^ SMILACtNA. 



Periaatli 4 — 6-parted, spreading, deciduous. Stamens 4 — 6, 

 inserted at the base of the segments. Ovaries 2— 3-celled. Berry 

 globulai^, few-seeded, Ehizoma creeping. 



1. S. bifolia. Two-leaved Solomon^ s Seal. 



Ne.irly or quite smooth ; stem mostly 2-leaved ; leaves cordate, petlolatc, or 

 sessile; flowers very small, white, in a dense raceme ; perianth 4-parted ; sta- 

 mens 4; berry 2-celled, reddish, spotted, A delicate little plant, common in 

 moist woods. Stem 4' — S' high. Mai/. 



2. S. racemosa. False Spikenard. 



Minutely pubescent ; stem leafy, flexuous, recurved at top ; leaves oval or 

 oval-lanceolate, long- acuminate, ciliate, strongly veined, abruptly tapering to a 

 short petiole ; flowers very small, white, in a large, compound paniculate ra- 

 ceme ; parts of the flower in sixes ; ovary 3-celled ; berry pale red, spotted with 

 purple. A common species in moist woods and thickets. Stem 1 — 2 ft. high. 

 June. 



3. S. stellata. Star-floivered Solomon's Seal. 



Smooth; stem erect, leafy; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, glaucous be- 

 neath, somewhat clasping; flowers white, larger than in the last, in a simple 

 raceme; parts of the flower in sixes; ovary 2-celled; berries very dark purple. 

 A smaller species, with larger flowers than the last, found on liver-banks, and 

 most common in the northern districts. Stem 8'— 15' high. May— June. 



13. POLTGONAT0M. 

 Pei-ianth tubular, 6-cleft at summit. Stamens 6, inserted at 

 or above the middle of the tube, and inclosed in it. Ovary 3- 

 celled. Berry globular. Cells 1-seeded. 



1. P. pubescens. Solomon's Seal. 



stem recurved at summit, round, rarely marked with a single furrow; 

 leaves oval-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, glaucous and very slightly pubescent 

 beneath, 3— 5-veined, sessile; peduncles axillary, smooth, nodding, 1— 2-flower- 

 ed; flowers greenish; filaments inserted near the summit of the perianth; 

 berry dark blue, often nearly black. A comjnon plant of elegant growth, found 

 in woods and thickets. Stem 1—2 ft. high. Jane. 



2. P. canaliculatum. Large Solomonh SeaL 



stem tall and stout, angular or channelled, recurved; leaves oblong- ovate, 

 somewhat clasping at base, smooth and green on both sides, marked with nu- 

 merous prominent veins ; peduncles nodding, smooth, 2 — 5-fiowered ; flowers 

 greenish; filaments inserted at the middle of the perianth-tube ; berries as in 

 the last. A much stouter plant than the last, 2 — 5 ft high, growing in rich, 

 moist thickets, and along rivers. It is occasionally found in N. Eng., but is 

 most common in the Middle States. June. 



14. UVULlKIA. 

 Perianth nearly eampanulate, deeply 6-parted ; segments 

 with a honey-bearing groove at base. Stamens 6, short, adherent 

 to the base of the segments. Anthers comparatively long. Style 

 deeply 3-cleft. Capsule 3-angled, 3-celled, opening by 3 valves 

 at top. Seeds few in a cell, arilled. Rhizoma creeping. 



1. U. grandiflora. 



Large Bellwort. 



stems branching above, recurved ; leaves perfoliate, oblong or oval-ovate, 

 paler beneath ; flowers large, greenish-yellow lily-like, nodding, terminating 

 the branches ; sepals smooth within ; anthers somewhat obtuse. A very grace- 

 ful plant, with greenish-yellow, flowers, common in rich woods, especially in 

 the Northern districts. Stem 8'— IS' high. May— June. 



2. U. perfoliata. Perfoliate Bellwort. 



stem recurved, branching above ; leaves perfoliate, oval-lanceolate or ob- 

 long-lanceolate, glaucous beneath ; flowers greenish -yellow, solitary, nodding, 

 on one of the usually two branches of the stem ; sepals rough inside ; antoers 

 acute. An elegant species smaller than the last, common in moist thickets and 

 rich woods. The stem divides into 2 branches, one hearing the leaves, the other 

 leaves and the flower. Plant 6' — 16'. May. 



3. U. sessilif61ia. Sessile-leaved Bellwort. 



Smooth ; stem recurved and branching above ; leaves sessile, not perfoliate, 

 oval or oval-lanceolate, pale green, glaucous beneath; flower solitar}', yellow- 

 ish-white, terminating as in the last, one branch of the stem while the other is 

 occupied by leaves; sepals smooth within; anthers acute. A delicate littlo 

 plant, common in low woods. Stem 5' — 12' high. May. 



15. stk:6ptopus. 

 Perianth eampanulate, 6-parted ; segments recurved, spread- 

 ing, each with a honey-bearing farro^ at base ; % jnner ones 



