OEDER CXL. GEAMINEJi: — GEASS-EAMILY, 



213 



27. C. lupulina. Stout Sedge. 



Barren spiUe nearly or quite sessile; fertile spikes ?-4, oblong-ovate, 

 densely flowered, upper approximate, all on short peduncles, except the lowest, 

 which is sometimes on aJon^, essert peduncle; tracts leafy, longer than the 

 — culm, sheathing at base; [terlgynia ovoid, very much inflated at base, smooth, 

 nerved, tapering to a long, 2-toothed, conical beak, much longer than the lan- 

 ceolate, awned glume. Culm stout, 2—8 ft. high, leafy ; leaves and bracts long 

 and flat, rough on the margin. A very stout species, with large thick spikes, 

 common in swamps. 



28. C. hysterictna. Yellow-green Sedge. 



Barren spike rarely pistillate at base or summit ; fertile spikes 2—4, oblong- 

 cylindrio, densely flowered, upper one on a short peduncle, the others on long, 

 exscrted, at length drooping peduncles ; bracts leafy, longer than the culm, not 

 plieathing at base ; perigynla ovoid, much inflated, nerved, smooth, tapering to 

 a long, 2-toothed beak, longer than the oblong, mucronate glume. A common 

 species, 1—2 ft. high, with long and rather broad, yellowish-green foliage. Wet 

 meadows. 



29. C. scabrata. Hfiugh Sedge, 



Fertile spikes 3 — 6, cylindrical, somewhat remote, densely flowered, lower 

 ones on long peduncles ; bracts leafy, longer than the culm, not sheathing at 

 base; perigynla somewhat inflated, ovoid, rough, at length spreading, with a 

 bifid beak longer than the acuminate, somewhat cillate glume. Culm sharply 

 triangular, very rough, as also the leaves and bracts, 1—2 It high. A common 

 species in swamps. 



* * Lmcer fertile spikes onlo-ng, more or less easert peduncles, very loosely 



flowered. Perigynla scarcely, if at all, inflated. 



30. C. debilis. Slender Sedge. 



Barren spikes very slender, rarely pistillate at summit; fertile spikes 3— 4, 

 filiform, very loosely flowered, somewhat flexunus, nodding, on long, filiform 

 peduncles; perigynla alternate, oblong, 3-angled, somewhat Inflated, tapering 

 to a straight, bifid beak twice longer than the ovate-lanceolate, mucronate 

 glumo. Culm 3-sided, leafy, with the lower bract long and sheathing, 1—2 ft. 

 high. Plant pale green. 



31. C. plantaginea. Plantain Sedge. 



Fertile spikes 3—5, oblong, erect, few-flowered, remote, on long, filiform 



peduncles, all, except the lowest, included within the very short, dark purple, 



\ sheathing bracts ; perigynla 3-angIed, not inflated, smooth, destitute of a beak, 



•' longer than the ovate, mucronate glume. Leaves all radical, very broad, 8- 



nerved. A common species in woods, distinguished by its very broad leaves 



and its pui-ple barren spikes and bracts. 



32. C. dnceps. Wood Sedge. 



Barren spike greenish, short, linear; fertile spikes 2 — 4, erect, slender; 

 sparsely flowered, uppermost nearly sessile, lower on long, exsert, 2-edged pe- 

 duncles; bracts long, sheathing; perigynla ovoid, 8-angled, smooth, not in- 

 flated, beaked but not biiid, tapering at each extremity, curved obliquely at 

 apex, somewhat longer than the glume ; culm mostly compressed above. A 

 common and quite variable species, Rowing in woods. The leaves are usually 

 of medium size, but the radical leaves are sometimes very broad, resembling 

 those of the last, for which it has been mistaken, though really very different 

 Culm 10'— 15' high. 



33. C. digitalis. Slender Wood Sedge. 



Barren spike short, clavato, pedunculate ; fertile spikes narrow -oblong, 5— 

 10-flowered, distant, erect, the lowest one nodding, all loosely flowered, and on 

 long, filiform, exserted peduncles; bracts long, leafy, sheathing; perigynla 3- 

 angled, ovate, not Inflated, smooth, destitute of a beak, longer than the ovate- 

 lanceolate glume. Culm slender, erect, at length procumbent; bracts and 

 leaves very narrow, dark green. A. slender, grassy species, not uncommon on 

 hill-sides. Culm B'— 16' high. 



* * * Loxoer pistillate spikes on long, eoasert peduncles, all densely flowered. 



Perigynia not infiated. 



34. C. granularis. Meadow Sedge. 



Barren spike sessile, or on a short peduncle ; fertile spikes 2—1, cylindric- 

 oblong, neariy erect, lowest sometimes distant; perigynia roundish -ovoid, 

 nerved, recurved at apex, with a very short, entire beak, longer than the ovate, 

 wute glume. A common species with long, leafy bracts, exceeding the culm 

 and yellowish spikes of mature fruit Foliage glaucous. Culm 8'— 15' high. 

 Xn wet meadows. 



35. C. pallescens. Pale Sedge. 



Barren spike sessile, or on a short peduncle ; fertile spikes 2—3, oblong- 

 ovoid, approximate, somewhat nodding at maturity ; perigynia elliptic-obovate, 

 somewhat nerved, obtuse, about as long as the ovate glume. Cnlm and leaves 

 pale green, somewhat pubescent ; bracts leafy, the lower one often undulate on 

 the margin. A common species, 6'— 10' high, In wet meadows. 



36. C. conoidea. Shining Sedge. 



Barren spike on a long peduncle; fertile spikes 2 — 8, oblong, lower remote; 

 bracts leafy and sheathing, not longer than the culm ; perigynia oblong-conic, 

 nerved, smooth, entire at apex, usually somewhat longer Uian the sharply acute 

 or mucronate glume. A species with bright green foliage, common in mea- 

 dows. Culms 6'— 10' high. 



F. Staminaie spikes several, terminal. 



37. C. retrorsa. Bent Sedge. 



Barron spikes 1—8, often pistillate at base; fertile spikes 4^G, oblong-cylin- 

 dric, erect; upper approximate ; lower remote, on a long, exserted peduncle, 

 sometimes somewhat branched at base; all densely flowered, with long and 

 leafy bracts; perigynia much Inliated, nerved, ovoid-globose, spreading, and at 

 length reflexed, tapering to a 2-forked beak, much longer than the lanceolate 

 glume. A rather stout, leafy species, not wncommon on the edges of ponds and 

 marshes. Culms 1 - 2 ft. high, rigid, nearly smooth. 



38. C. lanuginosa. Woolly Sedge. 



Barren spikes 2 — 8, uppermost pedunculate; lower shorter, ses-sile; fertile 

 spikes 1 — 3, cylindric, erect, densely flowered, with long, leafy bracts, much ex- 

 ceeding the culm ; perigynia woolly, somewhat inflated, ovoid, nerved, obtusely 

 8-angled, with a short, 2-toothed beak ; teeth sharp, very hairy. Culms with 

 flat leaves and bracts, A common species in wet grounds, growing 1—2 ft 

 high, 



39. C. filiformis. Narrow-leaved Sedge. 



Barren spikes 2 — 8 ; uppermost pedunculate ; lower shorter, sessile ; fertile 

 spikes 1 — 8, ovoid, or oblong-ovoid, densely flowered; bracts filifonn, longer 

 than the culm ; perigynia ovoid, densely woolly, scarcely recurved, with a very 

 short, 2-toothed beak, about equal to the ovate, acute glume ; leaves and bracts 

 filiform involute. A common species in marshes, remarkably distinguished by 

 its very long, filiform, involute leaves and bracts. Culms 10' — 18' high, slender. 



40. C. lacustris. Lake Sedge. 



Barren spikes 1—4 erect ; uppermost pedunculate ; fertile spikes 2 — 3, ob- 

 long-cylindrlc, erect, remote, on short peduncles, or sessile; bracts long and 

 leafy, much longer than the culm ; perigynia ovatc-oblong, somewhat inflated, 

 nerved, with a short, straight thick beak, with 2 spreading tc-cth, a little longer 

 than the oblong, mucronate glume. A stout species, 2 — 4 ft, high, with broad 

 leaves. Common in marshy grounds and along rivers. 



41. C. ampuUacea, Smooth Sedge. 



Barren spikes 2 — 4, oblong, cylindric, remote, sessile, or on short peduncles j 

 rarely nodding; bracts leafy, longer than the culm ; perigynla roundish -ovoid 

 rarely oval, much Inflated, conspicuously many-nerved, tapering to a short, 2- 

 toothed beak, longer than the lanceolate glumes, which are sometimes awnless, 

 sometimes tipped with a rough awn of various lengths; culm obtusely triangu- 

 lar, smooth ; foliage glaucous. A variable species common in marshy grounds, 

 2—3 ft. high ; most abundant at the North, 



42. C. bullata. Cluh Sedge. 



Barren spikes 2 — 3, slender, erect ; fertile spikes 1—2, mostly 1, approximate, 

 oblong-cylindric, sessile, or on short, smooth peduncles; perigynia much in- 

 flated, ovoid, spreading, nerved, tapering to a long, rough beak, much longer than 

 the lanceolate, obtusish glume. A rather common species in wet grounds, with 

 narrow leaves and bracts, distinguished by the short and thick usually solitary 

 fertile spikes. Culms 1—2 ft high. 



Order CXL. Graminese. — Grass-family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 



A. SpikeleU \-flowe7'ed, with 2 glumes and 2 paleca, or less. 



* Glumes absent, or l>oth very minute. Palese 2. 



1. Leersia. Flowers perfect Paleae all awnless. 



2. ZizAMA. Flowers monoecions, paniculate; upper branches with fertile 

 flowers and awned paleae ; lower with barren flowers and awnless palete. 



