214: 



OliDEE CXL. QRAMINE^ — CfK ASS-FAMILY. 



**Spikclets ill panicles, often mucb contracted? 

 and apparently racemose. 



f PalecR awnless or laWi ijicoTispicuotts avms. 



4. Agr68tis. Glumes equal, or the lower somewhat longer. Paleoa thin, 

 not coriaceous, obtuse, upper smaller ; one often minute or wanting. Stamens 

 usually 3. 



5. CiNNA. Lower glume somewhat shorter than the upper one; lower 

 palea with a short, inconspicuous awn on the back below the tip ; upper palea 

 1-nerverl. Stamen 1. f » n i 



6. MunLENBERGiA. Glumcs usually acutc OF mucrouate ; lower one smaller, 

 often minute, usually shorter. Palere mostly shorter than the glumes, sur- 

 rounded by short hairs at base ; lower 3-nerve'd, usually mucronate. Stamens 3. 



8. Calamagii6sti9. Spikclets with a rudimentary, plumose pedicel. Glumes 

 mostly nearly equal, longer than the flower. Palcte surrounded at base by 

 a tafc of white bristles ; lower palea awnless, or with a rather inconspicuous awn 

 attached to the back. Stamens 3. 



31. Milium. Spikelets without any rudimentary pedicel ; glumes apparently 

 3, equal. Pale» 2, coriaceous. Stamens 3. 



80. Pnii,ARis. Spikelets with 2 rudiments of abortive flowers, 1 on each 

 side of the perfect flower. Paleae shorter tliau tlio equal glumes. 



1 1 Palem icith a conspictious awn. 



6. MuiiLENBERr-iA. Lowcr glume smaller than the upper, sometimes 

 minute. I'alea3 2, herbaceous. Awn of the lower palea single, not jointed on 

 its apex. 



7. Bracuyelyteum. Spikelets with the filiform pedicel of an abortive 

 flower lodged in the groove of the emarginato, upper palea; lower glume none ; 

 upper minute. Stamens 2. 



9. Ortzopsis, Glumes nearly equal. Paleaa equal; lower coriaceous, en- 

 velopins: the upper, with the awn jointed on to tbe apex. Stamens 3. 



10. AiiisTiD-v. Glumes not equal, often mucronate. Lower palea with 3 

 awns at tip, much larger than the upper. 



K * * Flo^vcrs, primarily at least, arranged in simple 

 or nearly simple spiUes. 



t Spike simple or nearly simple, terminal. 



3. PiiLKUM. Spike simple, dense, cylindrical. Glumes mucronate or awned. 

 Paleaj both present, awnless. 



24 IIoRDEUM. Spikelets in threes at each joint of the racbis. Glumes side 

 by side, mucronate, awned. Lower palea awned at apex. 



t + Spikes -more than one. 



11. Spartina. Spikes very densely many-flowered; few or many, in a 

 terminal raceme. Glumes acute or awned; upper one larger than the awnless 

 paleai. 



32. Pabpalum. Spikelets loosely arranged in 2—4 rows, on one side of the 

 flatttened rachis, orbicular. Spikes few. 



83. Panictjm. Flowers oblong, crowded in clusters of 2 — 3, in 1-sided, ap- 

 proximate, slender spikes. 



i?. Spiki'lH-'i really 2,-Jlowered, the upper perfect, the lower stamina te or 

 np.titrtil, and in the latter case usitally reduced to a single palea, so tJiat the 

 flower appears to have 2 glumes andZpalecB. 



83. Panioum. Spikclets single, with the terminal flower perfect, not sur- 

 rounded by bristles, arranged in racemes, panicles, or compound spikes. 



34. Setarta. Spikelets surrounded by severaT or many bristles, and ar- 

 ranfTL'd in a cylindrical more or less compound spike. 



35. ANDRoi'orioN". Spikelets in pairs, one pedicellate and sterile ; the other 

 with the terminal flower perfect and awned, all arranged in spikes or racemes. 



36 S6Raiiu-M. Spikelets in clusters of 2 — 3, 1 only with the terminal flower 

 perfect and awned, the others sterile or mere rudimentary pedicels; all ar- 

 ranged in panicU'S. 



37. Zt:A. Flowei-s monoecious; barren flowers in terminal, numerous ppikes; 

 fertile in solitary, lateral spil<es, inclosed in a leafy involucre of numerous bracts. 

 Styles long and slender, much cxsert. 



C. Spikelets really Z-Jlowered, 2 of them imperfect or adortive^ mostly 

 reduced to single paleoi. 



23. IlnLcns. Spikelets in contracted panicles; lower flower abortive or 

 obsolete; middle flower perfect; upper flower starainate. 



29. ANTiioxANTiitTM. SpikcIets in nearly simple, cylindrical spikes; the two 

 lateral flowers neutral, reduced to awned paleaa ; middle flower perfect, with 

 awnless palea. 



jy. Glumes containing m.ore than 2 flowers, or if only 2 hot?i are perfect, 



* Spikclets in panicles "ivUich are often mncli con- 

 tracted and spike-like. 



t Lo^oer palea with a conspicuous awn. 



12. Dactvlis. Spikelets 3 — 6-flowered, In dense, 1-sided clusters, forming a 

 crowded panicle. Glumes awned, somewhat rough and ciliate on the back, as 

 also the lower palea. 



17. FrsTUCA. Spikclets 8—10 flowered, in open panicles, or contracted, 

 spicate ones. Glumes unequal. Paleae rounded on the back, entire, awned at 

 the apex. 



18. BR^^MUS. Spikelets 5 — 12 flowered, in loose, at length drooping panicles. 

 Glumes unequal. Lower palea mostly 2-cleft, with a straight awn below the tip. 



25. AiRA. Spikelets with 2 perfect flowers, rarely a third imperfect one. 

 Flowers liairy at base. Lov/er palea awned on tbe back below the middle. 



26. Daxtiionia. Spikelets 7-flowered, in a loose, racemose panicle. Lower 

 palea 2-toothed at apex, with an awn composed of the three twisted nerves 

 rising from between the teeth. 



27. AvENA. Spikelets 3— 6-flowered; uppermost Imperfect Glumes nn- , 



equal. Lower palea rounded on the back, with a twisted awn, consisting only 

 of the nilildle ner^^, and arising on the back below the 2-cleft;'(ip. 



+ 1 Lower pale(S_atonless. 



13. Glyokkia. Spikelets nearly terete, 3— 13-flowcreil. Flowers pei-fect, 

 sessile, deciduous, the rachis separating into pieces at the joints. Glumes short, 

 unequa],persistentafter the falling of the flowers. PalefB nearly equal; lower 

 7- veined. 



14. Brezopyrum. Lioecioua Spikelets compressed, 5— 10-flowered, in a 

 den.'-e, spicate panicle. Leaves revolute. 



15. PuA. Spikelets compressed, 2— 7-flowered, in open panicles, clothed 

 with moro or less of a web-like down, but not bearded at base. Upper palea 2- 

 toothed, deciduous, together with the larger, 5-nerved, lower palea. 



16. Eragr6stis. Spikelets compressed, 2— 40-flowered, in open panicles, 

 not webbed or bearded at base. Paleffl free from the grain; lower palea 8- 

 nerved ; upper one persistent after the rest of the flower has fallen. 



17. Fest^oa. apike]ets8— 10-flowered ; flowers not webbed nor bearded at 

 base. PaleiB rounded on the back ; upper one adhering to the inclosed grain, 

 which is somewhat downy at apex. 



19. PuRAGMiTES. Spikelcts 3 — 7-flowered; flowers with a copious silky 

 beard at base ; lower flower neutral or with 1 stamen ; the others perfect with 

 8 stamens. Glumes very unequal. 



"'='' Spikelets in simple^ ternj^inal spikes. 



20. TRixicuM. Spikelets 3— 10-flowored, attached singly to the joints of the 

 rachis, with the side against it. Glumes 2, on opposite sides of the spikelet. 



21. Seoale. Spikelets solitary at each joint of tbe rachis, 2— 3-flowered. 

 Glumes 2 opposite, subulate, shorter than the flowers. 



22. L6lium. Spikelets 5 — 9-flowered, solitary at the joints, and attached 

 edgewise. Glume single on the outside of the spikelets, except at the terminal 

 spikelet which has 2. 



23. ifir.YMus. Spikelets 2 — 7-flowered, in clusters of 2 — iat each joint of the 

 rachis. Glumes side by side on the front of the spikelet, rarely none. 



1. LE:fiRSlA. 



Spikelets 1-flowered, compressed, perfect, in secund racemes, 

 arranged in panicles. Paleoe 2, compressed, carinate,' awnless, 

 nearly equal; lower broader. Stamens 1 — 6. Stigmas plumose. 

 Per. 



1. L. oryzoides. Cut-Grass. 



Culm rough backwards, with hooked prickles, as also the lanceolate leaves; 

 panicle sheathed at base, with numerous diffuse branches; stamens 3; palero 

 whitish, ciliate on the keel. A common and very rough grass in wet gi'ounds, 

 well known by the booked prickles of its stem and leaves, which are sharj), 

 rough, and readily cut the flesh. Culra 1 — 2 ft high, Aug. 



2. L. Virginica, White Grass. 



Culm slender, branching, geniculate or decumbent at base, clothed with re- 

 curved bristles at the nodes ; leaves linear-lanceolate, rongh backwards, but not 

 so much as in the last; sheaths rough backwards; panicle simple ; flowers ap- 

 pressed on the slender branches; stamens 2 ; paleaa greenish, slightly ciliate, 

 A more slender species than the last, with the stem and leaves much less rougb» 

 and a simpler panicle. Culm 15' — 20' high. Aug. 



2. ZIZlNIA. 



Flowers monoecious. Spikelets l-flowered, both kinds in tlie 

 same panicle. Glumes mostly wanting. Paleai of the barren 

 flowers awnless, of the fertile, with a straight awn. Stamens 6. 

 Styles 2. Fcr. 



m 



1. Z. aqudtica. Indian Bice. 



Culm hollow, smooth, tall; leaves flat, very long, 11 n ear-Ian ccolato, smooth, 

 serrulate ; panicle very large, pyramidal ; lower branches spreading, staminate ; 

 upper branches erect, pistillate ; pedicels of tbe pistillate flowers clavate ; lower 

 palea with a long awn ; grain linear. A tall, aquatic grass, on the shallow 

 borders of streams, and of swamps, salt or fresh. Culm 4 — S ft. high. The 

 spikelets and fruit are very deciduous. Eather common. Jidy—Aua, 



8. PHLfeUM. 

 Glumes 2, carinate, much longer than the palete, mucronate or 

 awned. Paleoe 2, unequal, truncate, included in the glumes. 

 Stamens 3. Per. 



1. P. pratense. Timothy. Herd^s Grass. 



Culm erect, simple, smooth, sometimes bulbous at base; leaves flat, glau- 

 cous ; flowers in a long, dense, simple, terminal, cylindrical spike ; glumes cili- 

 ate on the back, truncate, tipped with a very short awn ; anthers purplish. A 

 very valuable species, frequently cultivated for hay, and thoroughly naturalized. 

 Culm 2—4 ft. high. June— July. 



4. AGE6STIS. 

 Spikelets l-flowered, paniculate. Glumes 2, subequal, or the 



