10 ANTHROPOID APES. 



Bischoff (50), Gratiolet and Alix (79), A. B. Meyer 

 (80), and the author of this work (81) have treated 

 of the external form and internal structure of new 

 species of apes, and varieties of the chimpanzee. 



Much has been written about the orang-utan since 

 Vosmaer's (82) day, among others by Kademacher 

 (83), Wurmb (84), Griffith (85), Temminck (86), 

 Schlegel and S. Miiller (87), Is. Geoffrey Saint- 

 Hilaire (88), Brooke (89), Abel (90), and Wallace 

 (91). Camper (92), Owen (93), J. Miiller (94), 

 Schlegel and S. Miiller (95), Heusinger (96), Du- 

 mortier (97), Briihl (98), Bischoff, Langer (99), etc., 

 have studied the anatomy of this animal. Good 

 illustrations of the orang-utan are found in Velins' 

 catalogue, copied by Chenu (100) and Gervais (101), 

 and in Wallace ; also in the designs by Miitzel (102) 

 and Max (103), and in my work on the Gorilla, 

 already cited. 



It had been already shown by Tilesius (104) and 

 Cuvier (105) that Wurmb's young pongo is identical 

 with the orang of Linnaeus. We now know cer- 

 tainly that the name pongo (n'pungu in Loango) 

 should only be applied to the gorilla. 



The fourth and smallest species of anthropoid 

 apes, the Indian long-armed apes or gibbons, have 

 been recently ^escribed, with reference to their form 

 and mode of life, by various travellers and naturalists, 

 especially by Duvaucel (106), Bennet (107), Martin 

 (108), Lewis (109), S. Miiller (110), Diard (111); 

 also by Buffon (112), Is. Geoffrey Saint-B ilaire (113), 

 and Blyth (114), etc. Gulliver (115), Bischoff (116), 

 and the author of this work have studied the 

 anatomy of these creatures. 



