4 ANTHROPOID APES. 



sergeant of the Portuguese troops under the command 

 of the Governor of Angola, Don Manuel Silveira 

 Pereira. In 1613 Battel's account was published by 

 his neighbour Purchas in his Pilgrims (12). Battel 

 speaks of two kinds of large apes, the engeco and 

 the pongo, which inhabited the forest on the banks 

 of the Banna and the Mayombe. The engeco 

 corresponds to the ndjeko or nschego (chimpanzee), 

 the pongo to the n'pungu of Loango, or the gorilla. 

 Battel's description of the habits of these animals 

 affords some characteristic touches which will 

 concern us presently. We may date our earliest 

 acquaintance with the largest of all the anthropoids 

 from this adventurer's career. 



The Dutch physician Oliver Dapper published 

 in 1668 a detailed description of Africa (13), in 

 which there is much of value, and he mentions the 

 large apes, called quojas morrau or morrou, which 

 inhabit the kingdom of Congo (14). By these he 

 apparently means the chimpanzee. 



Some account, unfortunately rather vague, of the 

 gorilla has been recently given by Bowdich in his 

 very interesting work on the " Mission of the Anglo- 

 African Company to Ashanti " (15). He says that 

 there are several remarkable species of apes in the 

 territory of the Gaboon, among which the ingenu 

 (gorilla) is the strangest. The natives asserted that 

 this animal is much larger than the orang-utan, 

 generally five feet tall, and four feet broad from 

 shoulder to shoulder. 



In 1847 Dr. Savage, a Protestant missionary on 

 the Gaboon, reported to the distinguished anatomist 



