2 ANTHEOPOID APES. 



and in the mountainous district of Sierra Leone (1). 

 These are described as hairy sylvan creatures who 

 replied to the attacks of the seafarers by throwing 

 stones at them. Three of these monsters, of the 

 female sex, were captured, but they bit and scratched 

 so furiously that it was necessary to kill them on 

 the spot. Pliny relates that at the time of the 

 Roman invasion, B.C. 146, two of the skins obtained 

 on this occasion were still preserved at Carthage, in 

 the temple of Astarte (2). It was subsequently 

 shown that chimpanzees, not true gorillas, were 

 described in these "gorillai." The latter animals 

 are not now found so far north. 



An old representation of the chimpanzee, in mosaic, 

 was found on the pavement pi the temple of Fortuna 

 at Prseneste (now Palestrina). This mosaic is now 

 in a museum at Rome, and has been described by 

 several authors. It represents a scene in tropical 

 Africa, probably on the Upper Nile. I find it 

 difficult to recognize the chimpanzee on the mosaic 

 amid the giraffes, hippopotami, crocodiles, and the 

 other representatives of the animal world of tropical 

 Africa (3). But it is well known that these large 

 apes are found on some of the streams of the Upper 

 Nile, as in Niam-Niam and Uganda. Pliny writes 

 of these animals : " On the Indian mountains to the 

 south, in the land of the Catharcludi, there are 

 satyrs. These are the swiftest of creatures, some- 

 times going on all fours, sometimes upright like 

 men, and they are so active that they can only be 

 captured when old or sick " (4). These satyrs have 

 been identified with the orang-utan, but the gibbon 



