84 ANTHROPOID APES. 



In the pelvis we note that the ilia are narrow 

 below, and expand in the form of a spatula above, 

 and that their position is almost vertical. Their 

 inner surfaces are only slightly concave, and are 

 directed somewhat forwards. The ischiatic bcnes 

 are low, with wide, flattened, rugged tuberosities, 

 and rounded foramina obturatoria. The ischiatic 

 rami project forwards in an almost horizontal direc- 

 tion. There are large prominences on the pubic 

 arch of the siamang. 



The leg-bones are much shorter than those of the 

 arm. The heads of the femurs stand out plainly 

 from their short necks and large trochanters, as 

 segments of perfect spheres. In this case, as in 

 that of other anthropoids, the third trochanter (tro- 

 chanferes tertii), often so apparent in the human 

 femur, is barely indicated. The shank-bones are 

 arched. The tibia is often laterally compressed, 

 so that its transverse section forms a scalene triangle. 

 The malleoli are compressed from before backwards. 

 The elongated heel-bones appear to be laterally 

 compressed. The canal between the astragalus and 

 the OS calcis {Sinus tarsi) is very wide. The meta- 

 tarsal bones and phalanges have large bases, long 

 slender shafts, and heads projecting on the under 

 side. Even the final phalanges are long and 

 slender. 



We shall now find it profitable to compare the 

 external characters of anthropoids with those of 

 man. We are sometimes disposed to see the true 

 likenesses of anthropoid apes in dark-skinned, naked 

 savages. These savages are often insufficiently fed, 



